Other Events:

• AFN: 8XHZ-SV
• _FSFTID: M1TK-N4X
• _UID: 63EA8F388256DB459E6D30C507D0CD44F4A3
• _UID: D0B5EE1E1472964CAC080376EB95FB7C1D58
• _UID: D79EE05BD18648BDBBC1143F8E87E0552548
• Birth: 14 Oct 1024, Falaise, Normandie, France
• Death: 10 Sep 1087, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France

Notes:

Normandy or Normandie, region and former province of France, bordering on the English Channel. In area it corresponds approximately to the modern departments of Seine-Maritime, Eure, Orne, Calvados, and Manche; its former capital was Rouen. Normandy is an agricultural region known for its dairy industry.
Under Roman domination the region formed part of Gallia Lugdunensis (Celtic Gaul). With the Frankish invasions it was made a constituent part of the kingdom of Neustria. It came to be known as Normandy about 911, when Charles III, king of France, turned it over to Rollo, the leader of a menacing band of Viking raiders. In 1066 a descendant of Rollo, William II, duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England and established himself there as William I, king of England. Normandy remained an English possession until conquered in 1204 by Philip II Augustus, king of France. During the Hundred Years' War, the region was held at various times by both French and English forces; it was finally recovered by the French in 1450. The Channel Islands, which were once a part of Normandy, remained in the possession of England.

The year 1066 was a turning point in English history. William I, the Conqueror, and his sons gave England vigorous new leadership. Norman feudalism became the basis for redistributing the land among the conquerors, giving England a new French aristocracy and a new social and political structure. England turned away from Scandinavia toward France, an orientation that was to last for 400 years.
William was a hard ruler, punishing England, especially the north, when it disputed his authority. His power and efficiency can be seen in the Domesday Survey, a census for tax purposes, and in the Salisbury Oath of allegiance, which he demanded of all tenants. He appointed Lanfranc, an Italian clergyman, as archbishop of Canterbury. He also promoted church reform, especially by the creation of separate church courts, but retained royal control.
When William died in 1087, he gave England to his second son, William II (Rufus), and Normandy to his eldest son, Robert. Henry, his third son, in due time got both-England in 1100, when William II died in a hunting accident, and Normandy in 1106 by conquest. Henry I used his feudal court and household to organize the government. The exchequer (the royal treasury) was established at this time.
Henry wanted his daughter, Matilda, to succeed him, but in 1135 his nephew, Stephen of Blois, seized the throne. The years from 1135 to 1154 were marked by civil war and strife. The royal government Henry had built fell apart, and the feudal barons asserted their independence. The church, playing one side against the other, extended its authority.

William I (c. 1027 - September 9, 1087), was King of England from 1066 to 1087. Known alternatively as William of Normandy, William the Conqueror and William the Bastard, he was the illegitimate and only son of Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and Herleva, the daughter of a tanner. Born in Falaise, Normandy, now in France, William succeeded to the throne of England by right of conquest by winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066 in what has become known as the Norman Conquest.
No authentic portrait of William has been found. In the patriotic print he is wearing plate armour that was invented generations after his death.
William was born the grandnephew of Queen Emma, wife of King Ethelred the Unready and later of King Canute.
William succeeded to his father's Duchy of Normandy at the young age of 7 in 1035 and was known as Duke William II of Normandy. He lost three guardians to plots to usurp his place. King Henry I of France knighted him at the age of 15. By the time he turned 19 he was himself successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. With the assistance of King Henry, William finally secured control of Normandy by defeating the rebel Norman barons at Caen in the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes in 1047.
He married Matilda of Flanders, against the wishes of the pope in 1050 or 1051 at the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Eu, Normandy (now in Seine-Maritime). He was 23, she was 21. Their marriage produced four sons and six daughters (see list below).
His half-brothers Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain played significant roles in his life.
Upon the death of William's cousin King Edward the Confessor of England (January 1066), William claimed the throne of England, asserting that the childless Edward had named him his heir during a visit by William (probably in 1052) and that Harold Godwinson, England's foremost magnate, had reportedly pledged his support while shipwrecked in Normandy (c. 1064). Harold made this pledge while in captivity and was reportedly tricked into swearing on a saint's bones that he would give the throne to William. Even if this story is true, however, Harold made the promise under duress and so may have felt free to break it.
The assembly of England's leading notables known as the Witenagemot approved Harold Godwinson's coronation which took place on January 5, 1066 making him King Harold II of England. In order to pursue his own claim, William obtained the Pope's support for his cause. He assembled an invasion fleet of around 600 ships and an army of 7000 men. He landed at Pevensey in Sussex on September 28, 1066 and assembled a prefabricated wooden castle near Hastings as a base. This was a direct provocation to Harold Godwinson as this area of Sussex was Harold's own personal estate, and William began immediately to lay waste to the land. It may have prompted Harold to respond immediately and in haste rather than await reinforcements in London.
King Harold Godwinson was in the north of England and had just defeated another rival, King Hardrada of Norway. He marched an army of similar size to William's 250 miles in 9 days to challenge him at the crucial battle of Senla, which later became known as the Battle of Hastings. This took place on October 14, 1066. According to some accounts, perhaps based on an interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry commemorating the Norman victory, Harold was killed by an arrow through the eye, and the Anglo Saxon forces fled giving William victory.
This was the defining moment of what is now known as the Norman Conquest. The remaining Saxon noblemen surrendered to William at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and he was acclaimed King of England there. William was then crowned on December 25, 1066 in Westminster Abbey.
Although the south of England submitted quickly to Norman rule, resistance continued, especially in the North for six more years until 1072. Harold's sons attempted an invasion of the south-west peninsula. Risings occurred in the Welsh Marches and at Stafford. Most seriously William faced separate attempts at invasion by the Danes and the Scots. William's defeat of these led to what became known as the harrowing of the North in which Northumbria was laid waste to deny his enemies its resources. The last serious resistance came with the Revolt of the Earls in 1075.
William initiated many major changes. In 1085, in order to ascertain the extent of his dominion, William commissioned the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey of England's productive capacity similar to a modern census. He also ordered the building of a number of castles, among them the Tower of London. His conquest also led to Norman French replacing English as the language of the ruling classes, for nearly 300 years.
William is said to have deported large numbers of the old landed classes into slavery through Bristol. Many of the latter ending up in Umayyad Spain and Moorish lands, converting and taking high positions in the state.
He died aged 60 at the Convent of St Gervais, near Rouen, France, on September 9, 1087 from abdominal injuries received from his saddle pommel when he fell off a horse at the Siege of Mantes. He was buried in the St. Peter's Church in Caen, Normandy. In a most unregal postmortem, William's corpulent body would not fit in the stone sarcophagus, and burst after some unsuccessful prodding by the assembled bishops, filling the chapel with a foul smell and dispersing the mourners. [1] (http://historyhouse.com/in_history/william/)
William was succeeded in 1087 as King of England by his younger son William Rufus and as Duke of Normandy by his elder son Robert Curthose. This led to the Rebellion of 1088. His youngest son Henry also became King of England later, after William II died without a child to succeed him.
Some doubt exists over how many daughters there were. This list includes some entries which are obscure.
1. Robert Curthose (c. 1054-1134), Duke of Normandy, married Sybil of Conversano, daughter of Geoffrey of Conversano
2. Adeliza (or Alice) (c. 1055-?), reportedly betrothed to Harold II of England (Her existence is in some doubt.)
3. Cecilia (or Cecily) (c. 1056-1126), Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen
4. William Rufus (1056-1100), King of England
5. Richard (1057-c. 1081), killed by a stag in New Forest
6. Adela (c. 1062-1138), married Stephen, Count of Blois
7. Agatha (c. 1064-c. 1080), betrothed to (1) Harold of Wessex, (2) Alfonso VI of Castile
8. Constance (c. 1066-1090), married Alan IV Fergent, Duke of Brittany; poisoned, possibly by her own servants
9. Matilda (very obscure, her existence is in some doubt)
10. Henry Beauclerc (1068-1135), King of England, married (1) Matilda (or Edith) of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland, (2) Adeliza of Louvain

7th Duke of Normandy. Death locality also given as S-Infr, France.

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, Chart 302 - # 6.

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-28.

the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. The descendant of Viking raiders, he had been Duke of Normandy since 1035 under the style William II. After a long struggle to establish his power, by 1060 his hold on Normandy was secure, and he launched the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son.
William was the son of the unmarried Robert I, Duke of Normandy, by Robert's mistress Herleva. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy that plagued the first years of his rule. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke and for their own ends. In 1047 William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. By the time of his marriage, William was able to arrange the appointments of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church. His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons, and by 1062 William was able to secure control of the neighbouring county of Maine.

In the 1050s and early 1060s William became a contender for the throne of England, then held by his childless first cousin once removed Edward the Confessor. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, who was named the next king by Edward on the latter's deathbed in January 1066. William argued that Edward had previously promised the throne to him, and that Harold had sworn to support William's claim. William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066, decisively defeating and killing Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts William was crowned king on Christmas Day 1066, in London. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but by 1075 William's hold on England was mostly secure, allowing him to spend the majority of the rest of his reign on the continent.

William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his eldest son, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. In 1086 William ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all the landholders in England along with their holdings. William died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, the settling of a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. He did not try to integrate his various domains into one empire, but instead continued to administer each part separately. William's lands were divided after his death: Normandy went to his eldest son, Robert, and his second surviving son, William, received England.

SURNAME: Also shown as England

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as William "The Conqueror" King Of

SUFFIX: Also shown as [Duke/Normandy]

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Château de Falaise in Falaise, Normandy, France.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born 14 Oct 1024

DEATH: Also shown as Died Priory of Saint Gervase, Rouen, Normandy.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 09 Sep 1087

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Saint-Etienne de Caen, Normandy.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror [read more]

7th Duke of Normandy, King of England (25 Dec 1066-1087)
William was the illegitimate son of Robert, Duke of Normandy. He won the English throne by defeating Harold II at Hastings in 1066 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day of the same year. Throughout his reign he retained the Dukedom of Normandy. Despite many uprisings, he ferociously defeated Anglo-Saxon resistance but Hereward the Wake defied him in the Fens around Ely until 1071. Castles were built at strategic points, including Warwick and Windsor, first of earthbanks and wooden keeps and later of massive stonework. For some 25 years the Normans lived as conquerors in an occupied land but they began to intermarry with the resident population and slowly adapted and adopted some of the Anglo-Saxon culture. William ordered the Domesday Book to be drawn up to record details of land holders and the value of every estate and surprisingly this took only a year to compile. The feudal system, with Normans as Barons was instituted and regular meetings of a Great Council of advisors was set up, with venues at Gloucester, Westminster and Winchester. Llanfranc was made Archbishop of Canterbury and building started on seven new cathedrals. William also set in hand the building of the Tower of London. William, who was 5ft 10ins, married Matilda of Flanders who was only 4ft 2ins. He died of injuries, received while fighting in France, on Thursday 9th September 1087.

(Research):Alternate Birth; 14 Oct 1024.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as William

Guillaume married Baudouinides, Queen of England Matilda 1053, Castle of, Angi, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Baudouinides, Count of Flanders Baldwin V and Capet, Comtesse d' Auxerre et de Coutance Adélaïde, daughter of Baudouinides, Count of Flanders Baldwin V and Capet, Princess Of France Adèle) was born 1031, Caen, Normandy, France; died 2 Nov 1083, , Caen, Calvados, France; was buried 3 Nov 1083, Holy Trinity Ch., Caen, Calvados, France. [Group Sheet]

Guillaume married Ingelrica Maud Abt 1053. Ingelrica was born Abt 1073, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Guillaume married of Flanders, Matilda 1053, Eu, Seine-Maritime, France. Matilda was born 1031, Flanders, Belgium; died 3 Nov 1083, Caen, Calvados, France. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: 8E4DD8B2F911104C99D71A98BB9793B385B7

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XHZ-V7
• Other: Acceded: 1087. Was His Mother Matilda's Favorite Son.; Fact 1
• Other: Captured By His Younger Brother Henry I (1106) & Held Until He Died.; Fact 3
• Other: Married On His Way To Palestine.; Fact 5
• Other: Characterized As "A Brave Soldier With A Weak Character."; Fact 6
• Title of Nobility: Prince of Englan
• Occupation: Duke of Normandy
• _FSFTID: LZ63-8C9
• _UID: 45A131F8B836B745912B4205C309C5A43139
• Baptism: Abt 1053, [alternate birth date]
• Other: 1096, Pawned Normandy To Brother William Ii So He Join The Crusades Of Pope Urban Ii.; Fact 2
• Other: Sep 1106, Defeated At The Battle Of Tenchebrai By Henry I.; Fact 4

Robert — Concubine A Priest's Daughter. A was born Abt 1057, of, , Normandy, France. [Group Sheet]

Robert married De Conversano, Dutchess/Normndy Sybilla May 1100, , , Apulia, Italy. Sybilla was born Abt 1079, Conversano, Bari, Apulia, Italy; died 1103, , Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France; was buried , , Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: 27C59788FE2D844089590C9944B2A28BA455

Notes:

Robert (called Curthose for his short squat appearance) (c. 1054 - February 10, 1134) was a Duke of Normandy. He was the eldest son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, an unsuccessful claimant to the throne of England, and a participant in the First Crusade. His reign as Duke is noted for the discord with his brothers in England, eventually leading to the absorption of Normandy as a possession of England.
His birthdate is usually given as 1054, but may have been in 1051.
In his youth, he was reported to be courageous and skillful in military exercises. He was, however, also prone to a laziness and weakness of character that discontented nobles and the King of France exploited to stir discord with his father William.
In 1077, he instigated his first insurrection against his father as the result of a prank played by his younger brothers William Rufus and Henry, who had poured water through the floor into Robert's chambers. As a result of the insult, Robert attempted to seize the castle of Rouen and afterwards spent several years wandering in aimless fighting before being reconciled with his father.
In 1087, the father died, having divided the Norman dominions between his two eldest sons. To Robert, he granted the Duchy of Normandy and to William Rufus he granted the Kingdom of England. Of the two sons, Robert was considered to be much the weaker and was generally preferred by the nobles who held lands on both sides of the English Channel, since they could more easily circumvent his authority. At the time of their father's death, the two brothers made an agreement to be each other's heir. However, this peace lasted less than a year when barons joined with Robert to displace Rufus in the Rebellion of 1088. It was not a success, in part because Robert never showed up to support the English rebels.
Robert married Sybil, daughter of Geoffrey of Brindisi, Count of Conversano (and a grandniece of Robert Guiscard). Their son, William Clito, was born October 25 1102 and became heir to the Duchy of Normandy. Sybil, who was admired and often praised by the chroniclers of the time, died shortly after the birth. William of Malmesbury claims she died as a result of binding her breasts too tightly; both Robert of Torigny and Orderic Vitalis suggest she was murdered by a cabal of noblewomen led by her husband's mistress, Agnes Giffard.
Robert took as his close advisor Ranulf Flambard, who had been previously a close advisor to this father.
In 1096, Robert left for the Holy Land on the First Crusade. At the time of his departure he was reportedly so poor that he often had to stay in bed for lack of clothes. In order to raise money for the crusade, he mortaged his duchy to his brother William for the sum of 10,000 marks.
He had agreed with William II to name each other the Heir Presumptive of England and Normandy respectively. When William II died on August 2, 1100, Robert should have inherited the throne of England. But he was on his return journey from the Crusade, allowing their younger brother Henry to seize the crown of England for himself. Upon his return, Robert, urged by Flambard, led an invasion of England to retake the crown from his brother Henry. In 1101, Robert landed at Portsmouth with his army, but his lack of popular support among the English enabled Henry to resist the invasion. Robert was forced by diplomacy to renounce his claim to the English throne in the Treaty of Alton.
In 1105, however, Robert's continual stirring of discord with his brother in England prompted Henry to invade Normandy. In the next year, Henry defeated Robert's army decisively at the Battle of Tinchebray and claimed Normandy as a possession of the English crown, a situation that endured for almost a century. Captured after the battle, Robert was imprisoned for the rest of his life.
In 1134, he died while imprisoned in Cardiff Castle. He was buried in the abbey church of St. Peter in Gloucester, where an elaborate sepulchre was later built. The church subsequently has become Gloucester Cathedral.

Robert — of Conversan, Sybilla. (daughter of of Conversan, Count of Conversano Geoffrey) [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XHZ-WD
• _UID: 5D175F88C438BC478DBDB35F69FD44AB0B20
• _UID: 932A391A25FFFD4B9A5073748B42FC7B91A7

Notes:

He never married.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1054

DEATH: Also shown as Died New Forest.

Other Events:

• _UID: 6981EE198C96BD4DAE5DBE98290F5FF60B6D

Notes:

a nun ?
ADELAIDE [Adelisa] de Normandie ([1055]-7 Dec, 1066 or after). Orderic Vitalis records the betrothal of Adelaide and Harold Godwinson, listing her after Agatha and before Constance in his description of the careers of the daughters of King William[43]. The sources are contradictory concerning the name of the daughter betrothed to Harold Godwinson, as well as the timing of her death. The only near certainty is that it would presumably have been the oldest available daughter who was betrothed to Harold. Matthew of Paris does not name her but lists her fourth among the daughters of King William, while distinguishing her from the fifth daughter betrothed to "Aldefonso Galiciæ regi"[44]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Duke Guillaume betrothed his daughter Adelise to Harold, in a later passage (in which he does not repeat her name) stating that she was the third daughter and that she died a virgin although she was of an age to marry[45]. Chibnall specifies[46] that this reference is contained in the interpolations written by Orderic Vitalis, the latter chronicler therefore contradicting his statement in his own work that Agatha was the name of the daughter who was betrothed to King Harold. Orderic Vitalis says that Adelaide "a most fair maiden vowed herself to God when she reached marriageable age and made a pious end under the protection of Roger of Beaumont"[47]. The daughter betrothed to Harold was alive in early 1066, according to Eadmer of Canterbury[48] who says that Duke Guillaume requested King Harold, soon after his accession, to keep his promise to marry his daughter. This is contradicted by William of Malmesbury[49], who says that her death before that of Edward "the Confessor" was taken by King Harold II as marking absolution from his oath to Duke Guillaume. She died as a nun at Préaux[50]. A manuscript of la Trinité de Caen names "Mathildem Anglorum reginam, nostri cœnobii fondatricem, Adilidem, Mathildem, Constantiam, filias eius" heading the list of the names of nuns at the abbey[51], which, if the order of names is significant, indicates that Adelaide was older than her two named sisters. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "VII Id Dec" of "Adeliza filia regis Anglorum", stating that her father made a donation for her soul[52]. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death of "Adelina filia regis Anglorum", undated but listed among deaths at the end of the calendar year[53]. Betrothed ([1064/65]) to HAROLD Godwinson Earl of Wessex, son of GODWIN Earl of Wessex & his wife Gytha of Denmark ([1022/25]-killed in battle Hastings 14 Oct 1066, bur [Waltham Abbey]), who succeeded in 1066 as HAROLD II King of England.

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• AFN: 8XHZ-XK
• _UID: 84C8CF96C2C7344689D39160753A099A538C

Notes:

Abbess of Caen.

Other Events:

• _UID: A7A5A958979C30469BA991B6201F16DCB23F

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• AFN: 8XJ0-11
• _UID: 1F67FA02589762419BCB9DD7EDEF48FC0ECC

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XHZ-ZQ
• _UID: 7576CBF3965CB241AF425A9E0D36415E5912
• _UID: D441C4549BA8684E99831C2AD33BBC3688D7

Notes:

SURNAME: Also shown as England

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as William

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1060

DEATH: Also shown as Died New Forest.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 01 Aug 1100

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Winchester, Cathedral.

William — Queen/England Unknown. Unknown was born Abt 1060, of, , Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8XJ0-26
• _UID: 4E6B28CD169AC34FAD70A216681A933791C6
• _UID: B239A6C77AA5CD4A8EF21B52076E05B4A97F

Notes:

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1066

Constance married Fergant, Count Alan IV 1086, Caen. [Group Sheet]

Constance married Duke of Brittany Alan IV 1086. Alan was born 1059, , , Bretagne, France; died 13 Oct 1119. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ0-3C
• _UID: 674604B934FCA24BB4CEBB5C7D68E24F3611

Notes:

!Md. 1) Stephen, Count of Blois in 1080. Also spelled Adela or Adelaide.

!She never married. Also spelled Adelidis. She died after 1066?

Adelidis married Count Of Blois Etienne Henry 1080, , Breteuil, Eure, France. Etienne (son of Count/Champagne Thibaut I and Gersende Berthe) was born 1045, of, Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France; died 27 May 1102, near, Rames, , France. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8PTS-DN
• _UID: 3CAEC69F6964C6479EFD81AFD195086FD11A
• _UID: EDAD58FC561B4A298FCE4296D618B440E9F1

Notes:

Gundred (daughter of Gherbod the Fleming), d. 27 May 1085; m. bef. 1077, William de Warenne, d. Lewes 24 June 1088, created 1st Earl of Surrey, son of Rudolf de Warenne and Beatrice. [Magna Charta Sureties]

------------------------------------------

He married, 1stly, Gundred, sister of Gerbod the Fleming, EARL OF CHESTER, possibly daughter of Gerbod, hereditary advocate of the Abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer. She died in child-birth, 27 May 1085, at Castle Acre, Norfolk, and was buried the chapter-house at Lewes. [Complete Peerage XII/1:493-5, XIV:604 (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

Trafford Pedigree; Some Early English Pedigrees, British 942 D2no, page 20.

Note: I think that Gundred was daughter of Gerbod the Fleming, Earl of Chester. He was also advocate of the Abbey of St. Bertin of St. Omer (as CP itself indicated-see notes under Gherbod) . As far as I know there is only one Gerbod.

-------------------------------------------

According to Magna Charta Sureties (and CP in a way), a daughter of Gherbod the Fleming. According to the Plantagenet Ancestry, a daughter of William the Conquerer and Matilda of Flanders. The following discussion in soc.genealogy.medieval illustrates the proof for Gundred being daughter of Matilda, wife of William I, and also the controversy still being debated about her ancestry. I happen to believe that the Lewes Chartulary is not false on the basis that there is no reason for forging a relationship to Queen Maud, but not King William I.

From: Phil Moody (moodyprime AT cox.net)
Subject: Re: tombstone of Gundrad, wife of William de Warenne
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-12-30 21:52:15 PST

"Chris PHILLIPS" wrote"


> There was never any question of Gundred being an illegitimate daughter of
> William I, but rather it was a case of a fraudulent claim that she was a
> legitimate daughter. The reason people used to think that Gundred was a
> daughter of William the Conqueror was because the monks of Lewes forged some
> charters which stated that. But I don't think anyone now seriously maintains
> that these charters are authentic.
>
> Gundred is known to have been a sister of Gerbod, who was briefly earl of
> Chester under William the Conqueror. It's clear they were members of a
> Flemish family who were advocates of St Bertin's Abbey in St Omer, and who
> held Oosterzele and Scheldewindeke, although the genealogy isn't altogether
> clear.

PLM: There is some doubt in my mind, however. Per your earlier assistance to me; I do now have "The Chartulary of the Priory of St. Pancras of Lewes", vol. I, ed. L. F. Salzman, and published by the Sussex Record Society in 1032 [sic?]. There is a lengthy charter by William Warrene nearly six pages in length; so I will not quote it's entirety, but this bit is curious.

Page 3:

"..., I have given for the welfare of my soul and that of Gundrada my wife and for the soul of my lord King William who brought me into England and by whose license I caused the monks to come and who confirmed my former gift, and for the welfare of my lady Queen Maud the mother of my wife and for the welfare of my lord King William his son after whose coming to England I made this charter and who made me Earl of Surrey,..." UNQ

PLM: It is quite clear from this charter, that Gundrada is the daughter of Queen Maud, and the lack of a reference to William I being the father of Gundrada is highly significant. If I were to rely solely on this evidence, I would have to conclude that Gundrada was NOT the daughter of William I at all.

People have referred to forged charters from Lewes, but what is the basis of these assertions, and which references discuss these "supposedly proven forgeries"? The premise of such an accusation appears to be up side down, in relation to the above charter. It seems illogical to forge a document that makes Gundrada the daughter of the Queen, as opposed to the King of England; which would essentially diminish her social standing, instead of elevating it, as most forgeries tend to do?

Sources: Jim Weber , WorldConnect at Rootsweb:
http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=jweber&id=I07256&style=TABLE, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jweber&id=I00350

(Research): Another name for Gundred was Gundreda DE GAND.

Alt. Birth; 1058, Normandy, France.

DEATH: Also shown as Died Castle Acre, Norfolk, England, England.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Priory Of Lewes, Sussex, , England.

Gundred married De Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey Guillaume Bef 1077, Normandy, France. Guillaume (son of De Warren, Ralph and Emma) was born Bef 1037, Varenne near Bellencombre, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, France; died 24 Jun 1088, Lewes, Sussex, England, England; was buried , Priory Of Lewes, Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: D098A374D319714292555ED271BDEDACFC1B

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ0-4J
• _UID: B044A2A399ED3D4BBFC55023216614DDB624

Notes:

She was betrothed to Alphonso VI, King of Leon, but they never married. Did she die before 1080?

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ0-5P
• _UID: FE9A4EBE4D4A7140A6C79B58222FF93CD282

Other Events:

• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4V3
• _UID: 662ACAE17DF0FC4B81A67D1F947C4113166A

Notes:

Adela of Normandy, of Blois, or of England (c. 1067[1] – 8 March 1137), also known as Saint Adela in Roman Catholicism,[2] was, by marriage, Countess of Blois , Chartres , and Meaux . She was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders . She was also the mother of Stephen, King of England and Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester .

Adela married de Blois, Count of Blois Stephen Henry I 1085, France, Breteuil And Chartres. Stephen was born 1046; died 19 May 1102, Battle of Ramla, Ramallah Palestine. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ0-6V
• Title: King of England
• _FSFTID: 9CMY-6FS
• _UID: 8AB8537BF0003945A77E6B85CCD67FF8AC85
• _UID: CFDD5BE9F8C30444BDDB1382BA45DBB9B346
• Coronation: 5 Aug 1100
• Acceded: 6 Aug 1100, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England
• Ruled: 1100–1135, England
• Ruled: 1106–1135; Duke of Normandy
• Occupation: 1100–1135, King of England, Roi d'Angleterre de 1100 à 1135-Duc de Normandie, King of the English Duke of Normandy, Duke of the Normans, Kung av England och Hertig av Normandie, Duke of Normandy King of England, King, kung, KING OF ENGLAND, 1100-1135, King Henry I

Notes:

Henry I (of England) (1068-1135), third Norman king of England (1100-1135), fourth son of William the Conqueror. Henry was born in Selby. Because his father, who died in 1087, left him no land, Henry made several unsuccessful attempts to gain territories on the Continent. On the death of his brother William II in 1100, Henry took advantage of the absence of another brother-Robert, who had a prior claim to the throne-to seize the royal treasury and have himself crowned king at Westminster. Henry subsequently secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church. In 1101 Robert, who was duke of Normandy, invaded England, but Henry persuaded him to withdraw by promising him a pension and military aid on the Continent. In 1102 Henry put down a revolt of nobles, who subsequently took refuge in Normandy (Normandie), where they were aided by Robert. By defeating Robert at Tinchebray, France, in 1106, Henry won Normandy. During the rest of his reign, however, he constantly had to put down uprisings that threatened his rule in Normandy. The conflict between Henry and Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, over the question of lay investiture (the appointment of church officials by the king), was settled in 1107 by a compromise that left the king with substantial control in the matter.
Because he had no surviving male heir, Henry was forced to designate his daughter Matilda as his heiress. After his death on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-Fôret, Normandy, however, Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, usurped the throne, plunging the country into a protracted civil war that ended only with the accession of Matilda's son, Henry II, in 1154.



"Henry I (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Henry I (c.1068 - December 1, 1135), called variously Henry Beauclerk, Henri Beauclerc, or Henry Beauclerc because of his scholarly interests, was the third son of William the Conqueror.
His reign as King of England extended from 1100 to 1135, succeeding his brother, William II Rufus. He also was known by the nickname "Lion of Justice", due to the refinements which he brought about in the rudimentary administrative and legislative machinery of the time.
He seized power after the death of William II, which occurred (conveniently) during the absence of his brother Robert Curthose on the Crusades.
His reign is noted for his opportunistic political skills, the aforementioned improvements in the machinery of government, the integration of the divided Anglo-Saxon and Normans within his kingom, his reuniting of the dominions of his father, and his controversial (although well-founded) decision to name his daughter as his heir.
Early life
Henry was born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby, Yorkshire in England. His mother, Queen Matilda of Flanders, named him after her uncle, King Henry I of France. As the youngest son of the family, he was most likely expected to become a bishop and was given extensive schooling for a young nobleman of that time period. William of Malmesbury asserts that Henry once remarked that an illiterate king was a crowned ass. He was probably the first Norman ruler to be fluent in the English language.
His father William, upon his death in 1087, bequeathed his dominions to his sons in the following manner:
" Robert received the Duchy of Normandy
" William received the Kingdom of England
" Henry received 5,000 pounds of silver
Orderic Vitalis reports that King William declared to Henry: "You in your own time will have all the dominions I have acquired and be greater than both your brothers in wealth and power."
Henry played both brothers off against each other. Eventually, wary of his devious manouevring, they acted together and signed an accession treaty which effectively disbarred Henry from either throne, stipulating that if either died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother.
[edit]
Seizing the throne of England
When William II was killed by an arrow whilst hunting on August 2, 1100, however, Robert was returning from the First Crusade. His absence, along with his poor reputation among the Norman nobles, allowed Henry to seize the keys of the royal hoard at Winchester. He was accepted as king by the leading barons and was crowned three days later on August 5 at Westminster. He secured his position among the nobles by an act of political appeasement, issuing the Charter of Liberties, which is considered a forerunner of the Magna Carta.
[edit]
First marriage
On November 11, 1100 Henry married Edith, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. Since Edith was also the niece of Edgar Atheling, the marriage united the Norman line with old English line of kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman barons, however, and as a concession to their sensibilities, Edith changed her named to Matilda upon becoming queen. The obverse side of this coin however was that Henry, by dint of his marriage, became far more acceptable to the Anglo-Saxon populace.
William of Malmesbury describes Henry thusly: "He was of middle stature, greater than the small, but exceeded by the very tall; his hair was black and set back upon the forehead; his eyes mildly bright; his chest brawny; his body fleshy."
[edit]
Conquest of Normandy
The following year in 1101, Robert Curthose attempted to seize back the crown by invading England. In the Treaty of Alton, Robert agreed to recognize Henry as king of England and return peacefully to Normandy, upon receipt of an annual sum of 2000 marks, which Henry proceeded to pay.
In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert and to obviate the drain on his fiscal resources, Henry led an expeditionary force across the English Channel. In 1106, he decisively defeated his brother's Norman army at Tinchebray in Normandy. He imprisoned his brother, initially in the Tower of London, then subsequently at Devizes castle, and later at Cardiff. Henry appropriated the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of England, and reunited his father's dominions.
He attempted to reduce difficulties in Normany by marrying his eldest son, William, to the daughter of the Count of Anjou, a serious enemy.
[edit]
Activities as a King
Henry's need for finance to consolidate his position led to an increase in the activities of centralised government. As king, Henry carried out social and judicial reforms, including:
" issuing the Charter of Liberties
" restoring laws of King Edward the Confessor.
Henry was also known for some brutal acts. He once threw a traitorous burgher named Conan Pilatus from the tower of Rouen; the tower was known from then on as "Conan's Leap". In another instance that took place in 1119, King Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph Harnec, the constable of Ivry, exchanged their children as hostages. When Eustace blinded Harnec's son, Harnec demanded vengeance. King Henry allowed Harnec to blind and mutiliate Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet his daughter at a parlay at Breteuil, only for Juliane to draw a crossbow and attempt to assassinate her father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later Henry was reconciled to his daughter and son-in-law.
[edit]
Legitimate children
He had two children by Edith-Matilda before her death in 1118: Maud, born February 1102, and William Adelin, born November 1103. Disaster struck when his only legitimate son William Adelin perished in the wreck of the White Ship, on November 25, 1120, off the coast of Normandy. Also among the dead were two of Henry's bastard children, as well as a niece, Lucia-Mahaut de Blois. Henry's grieving was intense, and the succession was in crisis.
[edit]
Second marriage
On January 29, 1121, he married Adeliza, daughter of Godfrey, Count of Louvain, but there were no children from this marriage. Left without male heirs, Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to accept his daughter Empress Maud, widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir.
[edit]
Death and legacy
Henry visited Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons, the children of Maud and Geoffrey. He took great delight in his grandchildren, but soon quarreled with his daughter and son-in-law and these disputes led him to tarry in Normandy far longer than he originally planned.
Henry died of food poisoning from eating foul lampreys in December, 1135, at St. Denis le Fermont in Normandy and was buried at Reading Abbey, which he himself had founded fourteen years before.
Although Henry's barons had sworn allegiance to his daughter Maud as their queen, Maud's sex and her remarriage to the House of Anjou, an enemy of the Normans, allowed Henry's nephew Stephen of Boulogne to come to England and claim the throne with popular support.
The struggle between Empress Maud and Stephen resulted in a long civil war known as the Anarchy. The dispute was eventually settled by Stephen's naming of Maud's son, Henry, as his heir in 1153.
[edit]
Illegitimate Children
King Henry is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses, and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is documentation are:
1. Robert FitzRoy. His mother was probably a member of the Gai family.
2. Sibylla FitzRoy, married King Alexander I of Scotland. Probably the daughter of Sibyl Corbet.
3. Reginald FitzRoy. His mother was Sibyl Corbet.
4. Maud FitzRoy, married Duke Conan III, Duke of Brittany
5. Richard FitzRoy, perished in the wreck of the White Ship. His mother was Ansfride.
6. Fulk FitzRoy, a monk at Abingdon. His mother may have been Ansfride.
7. Juliane FitzRoy, married Eustace de Pacy. She tried to shoot her father with a crossbow after King Henry allowed her two young daughters to be blinded. Her mother may have been Ansfride.
8. Matilda FitzRoy, married Count Rotrou II of Perche, perished in the wreck of the White Ship. Her mother was Edith.
9. Constance FitzRoy, married Roscelin de Beaumont
10. Henry FitzRoy, died 1157. His mother was Princess Nest.
11. Mabel FitzRoy, married William III Gouet
12. Aline FitzRoy, married Matthieu I of Montmorency
13. Isabel FitzRoy, daughter of Isabel de Beaumont, sister of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester.
14. Matilda FitzRoy, abbess of Montvilliers
15. Adeliza FitzRoy. Appears in charters with her brother Robert (below), she was probably daughter of Eda FitzForne.
16. Robert FitzRoy, died 1172. His mother was Eda FitzForne.
17. William de Tracy, died shortly after King Henry.
18. Gilbert FitzRoy, died after 1142. His mother may have been a sister of Walter de Gand.

Final ruler of the House of Normandie

Death place also given as Angers, Mn-et-Lr, or Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France. He had 13 wives.

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

SURNAME: Also shown as England

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry I King Of

SUFFIX: Also shown as [Beauclerc]

BIRTH: Also shown as Born 1070

DEATH: Also shown as Died St Denis-le-, Fermont, Near Gisors.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Reading Abbey.

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Name - Description: Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England Norman

Henry — de Beaumont, Isabel (Elizabeth). Isabel (daughter of De Beaumont-Le-Roger, 1st Earl of Leicester Robert I and Capet, Countess of Leicester, de Vermandois Elizabeth) was born Abt 1086/1096, of, Leicester, Leicestershire, England; died Abt 1147. [Group Sheet]

Henry — First Concubine. First was born Abt 1070, of, Caen, Calvedos, France. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Corbet, Sibyl. Sibyl was born Abt 1075, of, Alcester, Warwickshire, England; died Aft 1157. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Princess of Wales Nesta. Nesta was born Abt 1073, of, Dynevor Castle, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Concubine 2 Ansfride. Ansfride was born Abt 1069, of, Sparshalt, Berkshire, England; was buried , , Abingdon Abbey, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Concubine Edith. Edith was born Abt 1071, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 4]. Unknown was born Abt 1072, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 8]. Unknown was born Abt 1076, of, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 10]. Unknown was born Abt 1076, of, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 11]. Unknown was born Abt 1077, of, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 12]. Unknown was born Abt 1078, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 13]. Unknown was born Abt 1079, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 14]. Unknown was born Abt 1072, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Unknown [Concubine 16]. Unknown was born Abt 1072, of, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry — Concubine Edith. Edith was born Abt 1074, of, Greystoke, Cumberland, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry married Ætheling Eadgyth 6 Aug 1100, Westminster, Abbey, London, England. Eadgyth (daughter of Mac Duncan, King Of Scotland Máel Coluim III and Cerdicingas, Queen of Scotland Margaret, daughter of mac Donnchada, Rí Alban/ Scottorum basileus Máel Coluim III and Cerdicingas, Queen of Scotland Margaret) was born Oct 1079, Dunfermlin, Fife, Scotland; died 1 May 1118, Westminster, Palace, London, England; was buried Jun 1118, Church of St Peter, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry married de Brabant, Queen/England Adeliza 24 Jan 1120/1121, , Windsor, Berkshire, England. Adeliza (daughter of de Louvaine, Godfrey and Ida) was born 1102, of, Brabant, Louvaine, France; died 23 Apr 1151, , Affligham, Flanders, France; was buried 23 Apr 1151, Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry married of Louvain, Adeliza 29 Jan 1122, Westminster, Abbey, London, England. Adeliza was born Abt 1105, Louvain, Belgium; died Abt 23 Apr 1151, Afflighem, Flanders; was buried , Afflighem, Flanders. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• cause of death: Apparently died from over eating Lampreys, or of food poisoning.
• _UID: 1AC87CB2EA854E06AC9078DAA2862D39EF2A
• Baptism: 5 Aug 1100, Selby, West Riding, Yorkshire, England
• Coronation: 5 Aug 1100

Notes:

Duke of Normandy 1106 ? 1 December 1135
King of England 2 August 1100 ? 1 December 1135

Henry I (c. 1068 ? 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to 1135. Henry was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts. On William's death in 1087, Henry's older brothers William Rufus and Robert Curthose inherited England and Normandy respectively, but Henry was left landless. Henry purchased the County of Cotentin in western Normandy from Robert, but William and Robert deposed him in 1091. Henry gradually rebuilt his power base in the Cotentin and allied himself with William against Robert. Henry was present when William died in a hunting accident in 1100, and he seized the English throne, promising at his coronation to correct many of William's less popular policies. Henry married Matilda of Scotland but continued to have a large number of mistresses, by whom he had many illegitimate children.

Robert, who invaded in 1101, disputed Henry's control of England. This military campaign ended in a negotiated settlement that confirmed Henry as king. The peace was short-lived, and Henry invaded the Duchy of Normandy in 1105 and 1106, finally defeating Robert at the Battle of Tinchebray. Henry kept Robert imprisoned for the rest of his life. Henry's control of Normandy was challenged by Louis VI of France, Baldwin of Flanders and Fulk of Anjou, who promoted the rival claims of Robert's son, William Clito, and supported a major rebellion in the Duchy between 1116 and 1119. Following Henry's victory at the Battle of Brémule, a favourable peace settlement was agreed with Louis in 1120.

Considered by contemporaries to be a harsh but effective ruler, Henry skilfully manipulated the barons in England and Normandy. In England, he drew on the existing Anglo-Saxon system of justice, local government and taxation, but also strengthened it with additional institutions, including the royal exchequer and itinerant justices. Normandy was also governed through a growing system of justices and an exchequer. Many of the officials that ran Henry's system were "new men," relatively low-born individuals who rose through the ranks as administrators. Henry encouraged ecclesiastical reform, but became embroiled in a serious dispute in 1101 with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, which was resolved through a compromise solution in 1105. He supported the Cluniac order and played a major role in the selection of the senior clergy in England and Normandy.

Henry's only legitimate son and heir, William Adelin, drowned in the White Ship disaster of 1120, throwing the royal succession into doubt. Henry took a second wife, Adeliza, in the hope of having another son, but their marriage was childless. In response to this, Henry declared his daughter, Matilda, as his heir and married her to Geoffrey of Anjou. Relationships between Henry and the couple became strained, and fighting broke out along the border with Anjou. Henry died on 1 December 1135 after a week of illness. Despite his plans for Matilda, the King was succeeded by his nephew, Stephen of Blois, resulting in a period of civil war known as the Anarchy.

Henry was probably born in England in 1068, in either the summer or the last weeks of the year, possibly in the town of Selby in Yorkshire.[1][nb 1] His father was William, who had originally been the Duke of Normandy and then, following the invasion of 1066, became the King of England, with lands stretching into Wales. The invasion had created an Anglo-Norman elite, many with estates spread across both sides of the English Channel.[2] These Anglo-Norman barons typically had close links to the kingdom of France, which was then a loose collection of counties and smaller polities, under only the minimal control of the king.[3] Henry's mother, Matilda of Flanders, was the granddaughter of Robert II of France, and she probably named Henry after her uncle, King Henry I of France.[4]

Henry was the youngest of William and Matilda's four sons. Physically he resembled his older brothers Robert Curthose, Richard and William Rufus, being, as historian David Carpenter describes, "short, stocky and barrel-chested," with black hair.[5] As a result of their age differences and Richard's early death, Henry would have probably seen relatively little of his older brothers.[6] He probably knew his sister, Adela, well, as the two were close in age.[7] There is little documentary evidence for his early years; historians Warren Hollister and Kathleen Thompson suggest he was brought up predominantly in England, while Judith Green argues he was initially brought up in the Duchy.[8][nb 2] He was probably educated by the Church, possibly by Bishop Osmund, the King's chancellor, at Salisbury Cathedral; it is uncertain if this indicated an intent by his parents for Henry to become a member of the clergy.[10][nb 3] It is also uncertain how far Henry's education extended, but he was probably able to read Latin and had some background in the liberal arts.[11] He was given military training by an instructor called Robert Achard, and Henry was knighted by his father on 24 May 1086.[12]

In 1087 William was fatally injured during a campaign in the Vexin.[13] Henry joined his dying father near Rouen in September, where the King partitioned his possessions between his sons.[14] The rules of succession in western Europe at the time were uncertain; in some parts of France, primogeniture, in which the eldest son would inherit a title, was growing in popularity.[15] In other parts of Europe, including Normandy and England, the tradition was for lands to be divided up, with the eldest son taking patrimonial lands ? usually considered to be the most valuable ? and younger sons given smaller, or more recently acquired, partitions or estates.[15]

In dividing his lands, William appears to have followed the Norman tradition, distinguishing between Normandy, which he had inherited, and England, which he had acquired through war.[16] William's second son, Richard, had died in a hunting accident, leaving Henry and his two brothers to inherit William's estate. Robert, the eldest, despite being in armed rebellion against his father at the time of his death, received Normandy.[17] England was given to William Rufus, who was in favour with the dying king.[17] Henry was given a large sum of money, usually reported as 5,000, with the expectation that he would also be given his mother's modest set of lands in Buckinghamshire and Gloucestershire.[18][nb 4] William's funeral at Caen was marred by angry complaints from a local man, and Henry may have been responsible for resolving the dispute by buying off the protester with silver.[20]

Robert returned to Normandy, expecting to have been given both the Duchy and England, to find that William Rufus had crossed the Channel and been crowned king, as William II.[21] The two brothers disagreed fundamentally over the inheritance, and Robert soon began to plan an invasion of England to seize the kingdom, helped by a rebellion by some of the leading nobles against William Rufus.[22] Henry remained in Normandy and took up a role within Robert's court, possibly either because he was unwilling to openly side with William Rufus, or because Robert might have taken the opportunity to confiscate Henry's inherited money if he had tried to leave.[21][nb 5] William Rufus sequestered Henry's new estates in England, leaving Henry landless.[24]

n 1088, Robert's plans for the invasion of England began to falter, and he turned to Henry, proposing that his brother lend him some of his inheritance, which Henry refused.[25] Henry and Robert then came to an alternative arrangement, in which Robert would make Henry the count of western Normandy, in exchange for 3,000.[25][nb 6] Henry's lands were a new countship based around a delegation of the ducal authority in the Cotentin, but it extended across the Avranchin, with control over the bishoprics of both.[27] This also gave Henry influence over two major Norman leaders, Hugh d'Avranches and Richard de Redvers, and the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel, whose lands spread out further across the Duchy.[28] Robert's invasion force failed to leave Normandy, leaving William Rufus secure in England.[29]

Henry quickly established himself as count, building up a network of followers from western Normandy and eastern Brittany, whom historian John Le Patourel has characterised as "Henry's gang".[30] His early supporters included Roger of Mandeville, Richard of Redvers, Richard d'Avranches and Robert Fitzhamon, along with the churchman Roger of Salisbury.[31] Robert attempted to go back on his deal with Henry and re-appropriate the county, but Henry's grip was already sufficiently firm to prevent this.[32] Robert's rule of the Duchy was chaotic, and parts of Henry's lands became almost independent of central control from Rouen.[33]

During this period, neither William nor Robert seems to have trusted Henry.[34] Waiting until the rebellion against William Rufus was safely over, Henry returned to England in July 1088.[35] He met with the King but was unable to persuade him to grant him his mother's estates, and travelled back to Normandy in the autumn.[36] While he had been away, however, Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux, who regarded Henry as a potential competitor, had convinced Robert that Henry was conspiring against the duke with William Rufus.[37] On landing, Odo seized Henry and imprisoned him in Neuilly-la-Forêt, and Robert took back the county of the Cotentin.[38] Henry was held there over the winter, but in the spring of 1089 the senior elements of the Normandy nobility prevailed upon Robert to release him.[39]

Although no longer formally the Count of Cotentin, Henry continued to control the west of Normandy.[40] The struggle between Henry's brothers continued. William Rufus continued to put down resistance to his rule in England, but began to build a number of alliances against Robert with barons in Normandy and neighbouring Ponthieu.[41] Robert allied himself with Philip I of France.[42] In late 1090 William Rufus encouraged Conan Pilatus, a powerful burgher in Rouen, to rebel against Robert; Conan was supported by most of Rouen and made appeals to the neighbouring ducal garrisons to switch allegiance as well.[43]

Robert issued an appeal for help to his barons, and Henry was the first to arrive in Rouen in November.[44] Violence broke out, leading to savage, confused street fighting as both sides attempted to take control of the city.[44] Robert and Henry left the castle to join the battle, but Robert then retreated, leaving Henry to continue the fighting.[45] The battle turned in favour of the ducal forces and Henry took Conan prisoner.[45] Henry was angry that Conan had turned against his feudal lord. He had him taken to the top of Rouen Castle and then, despite Conan's offers to pay a huge ransom, threw him off the top of the castle to his death.[46] Contemporaries considered Henry to have acted appropriately in making an example of Conan, and Henry became famous for his exploits in the battle.[47]

In the aftermath, Robert forced Henry to leave Rouen, probably because Henry's role in the fighting had been more prominent than his own, and possibly because Henry had asked to be formally reinstated as the count of the Cotentin.[48] In early 1091, William Rufus invaded Normandy with a sufficiently large army to bring Robert to the negotiating table.[49] The two brothers signed a treaty at Rouen, granting William Rufus a range of lands and castles in Normandy. In return, William Rufus promised to support Robert's attempts to regain control of the neighbouring county of Maine, once under Norman control, and help in regaining control over the Duchy, including Henry's lands.[49] They nominated each other as heirs to England and Normandy, excluding Henry from any succession while either one of them lived.[50]

War now broke out between Henry and his brothers.[51] Henry mobilised a mercenary army in the west of Normandy, but as William Rufus and Robert's forces advanced, his network of baronial support melted away.[52] Henry focused his remaining forces at Mont Saint Michel, where he was besieged, probably in March 1091.[53] The site was easy to defend, but lacked fresh water.[54] The chronicler William of Malmesbury suggested that when Henry's water ran short, Robert allowed his brother fresh supplies, leading to remonstrations between Robert and William Rufus.[55] The events of the final days of the siege are unclear: the besiegers had begun to argue about the future strategy for the campaign, but Henry then abandoned Mont-Saint Michel, probably as part of a negotiated surrender.[56][nb 7] He left for Brittany and crossed over into France.[57]

Henry's next steps are not well documented; one chronicler, Orderic Vitalis, suggests that he travelled in the French Vexin, along the Normandy border, for over a year with a small band of followers.[58] By the end of the year, Robert and William Rufus had fallen out once again, and the Treaty of Rouen had been abandoned.[59] In 1092, Henry and his followers seized the Normandy town of Domfront.[60] Domfront had previously been controlled by Robert of Bellême, but the inhabitants disliked his rule and invited Henry to take over the town, which he did in a bloodless coup.[61] Over the next two years, Henry re-established his network of supporters across western Normandy, forming what Judith Green terms a "court in waiting".[62] By 1094, he was allocating lands and castles to his followers as if he was the Duke of Normandy.[63] William Rufus began to support Henry with money, encouraging his campaign against Robert, and Henry used some of this to construct a substantial castle at Domfront.[64]

William Rufus crossed into Normandy to take the war to Robert in 1094, and when progress stalled, called upon Henry for assistance.[65] Henry responded, but travelled to London instead of joining the main campaign further east in Normandy, possibly at the request of the King, who in any event abandoned the campaign and returned to England.[66][nb 8] Over the next few years, Henry appears to have strengthened his power base in western Normandy, visiting England occasionally to attend at William Rufus's court.[68] In 1095 Pope Urban II called the First Crusade, encouraging knights from across Europe to join.[67] Robert joined the Crusade, borrowing money from William Rufus to do so, and granting the King temporary custody of his part of the Duchy in exchange.[69] The King appeared confident of regaining the remainder of Normandy from Robert, and Henry appeared ever closer to William Rufus, the pair campaigning together in the Norman Vexin between 1097 and 1098.[70]

Henry became King of England following the death of William Rufus, who had been shot while hunting.[71] On the afternoon of 2 August 1100, the King had gone hunting in the New Forest, accompanied by a team of huntsmen and a number of the Norman nobility, including Henry.[72] An arrow was fired, possibly by the baron Walter Tirel, which hit and killed William Rufus.[73] Numerous conspiracy theories have been put forward suggesting that the King was killed deliberately; most modern historians reject these, as hunting was a risky activity, and such accidents were common.[74][nb 9] Chaos broke out, and Tirel fled the scene for France, either because he had fired the fatal shot, or because he had been incorrectly accused and feared that he would be made a scapegoat for the King's death.[73]

Henry rode to Winchester, where an argument ensued as to who now had the best claim to the throne.[76] William of Breteuil championed the rights of Robert, who was still abroad, returning from the Crusade, and to whom Henry and the barons had given homage in previous years.[77] Henry argued that, unlike Robert, he had been born to a reigning king and queen, thereby giving him a claim under the right of porphyrogeniture.[78] Tempers flared, but Henry, supported by Henry de Beaumont and Robert of Meulan, held sway and persuaded the barons to follow him.[79] He occupied Winchester Castle and seized the royal treasury.[80]

Henry was hastily crowned king in Westminster Abbey on 5 August by Maurice, the Bishop of London, as Anselm, the Archbishop of Canterbury, had been exiled by William Rufus, and Thomas, the Archbishop of York, was in the north of England at Ripon.[81] In accordance with English tradition and in a bid to legitimise his rule, Henry issued a coronation charter laying out various commitments.[82] The new king presented himself as having restored order to a trouble-torn country.[83] He announced that he would abandon William Rufus's policies towards the Church, which had been seen as oppressive by the clergy; he promised to prevent royal abuses of the barons' property rights, and assured a return to the gentler customs of Edward the Confessor; he asserted that he would "establish a firm peace" across England and ordered "that this peace shall henceforth be kept".[84]

In addition to his existing circle of supporters, many of whom were richly rewarded with new lands, Henry quickly co-opted many of the existing administration into his new royal household.[85] William Giffard, William Rufus's chancellor, was made the Bishop of Winchester, and the prominent sheriffs Urse d'Abetot, Haimo Dapifer and Robert Fitzhamon continued to play a senior role in government.[85] By contrast, the unpopular Ranulf Flambard, the Bishop of Durham and a key member of the previous regime, was imprisoned in the Tower of London and charged with corruption.[86] The late king had left many church positions unfilled, and Henry set about nominating candidates to these, in an effort to build further support for his new government.[87] The appointments needed to be consecrated, and Henry wrote to Anselm, apologising for having been crowned while the Archbishop was still in France and asking him to return at once.[88]

On 11 November 1100 Henry married Matilda, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland.[89] Henry was now around 31 years old, but late marriages for noblemen were not unusual in the 11th century.[90] The pair had probably first met earlier the previous decade, possibly being introduced through Bishop Osmund of Salisbury.[91] Historian Warren Hollister argues that Henry and Matilda were emotionally close, but their union was also certainly politically motivated.[92][nb 10] Matilda had originally been named Edith, an Anglo-Saxon name, and was a member of the West Saxon royal family, being the niece of Edgar the Ætheling, the great-granddaughter of Edmund Ironside and a descendent of Alfred the Great.[94] For Henry, marrying Matilda gave his reign increased legitimacy, and for Matilda, an ambitious woman, it was an opportunity for high status and power in England.[95]

Matilda had been educated in a sequence of convents, however, and may well have taken the vows to formally become a nun, which formed an obstacle to the marriage progressing.[96] She did not wish to be a nun and appealed to Anselm for permission to marry Henry, and the Archbishop established a council at Lambeth Palace to judge the issue.[96] Despite some dissenting voices, the council concluded that although Matilda had lived in a convent, she had not actually become a nun and was therefore free to marry, a judgement that Anselm then affirmed, allowing the marriage to proceed.[96][nb 11] Matilda proved an effective queen for Henry, acting as a regent in England on occasion, addressing and presiding over councils, and extensively supporting the arts.[98] The couple soon had two children, Matilda, born in 1102, and William Adelin, born in 1103; it is possible that they also had a second son, Richard, who died young.[99][nb 12] Following the birth of these children, Matilda preferred to remain based in Westminster while Henry travelled across England and Normandy, either for religious reasons or because she enjoyed being involved in the machinery of royal governance.[101]

Henry had a considerable sexual appetite and enjoyed a substantial number of sexual partners, resulting in a large number of illegitimate children, at least nine sons and 13 daughters, many of whom he appears to have recognised and supported.[102] It was normal for unmarried Anglo-Norman noblemen to have sexual relations with prostitutes and local women, and kings were also expected to have mistresses.[103][nb 13] Some of these relationships occurred before Henry was married, but many others took place after his marriage to Matilda.[104] Henry had a wide range of mistresses from a range of backgrounds, and the relationships appear to have been conducted relatively openly.[101] He may have chosen some of his noble mistresses for political purposes, but the evidence to support this theory is limited.[105]

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England
read more:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England

(Research):Henry I was born in the year 1068---a factor he himself regarded as highly significant, for he was the only son of the Conqueror born after the conquest of England, and to Henry this meant he was heir to the throne. He was not an attractive proposition: he was dissolute to a degree, producing at least a score of bastards; but far worse he was prone to sadistic cruelty---on one occasion, for example, personally punishing a rebellious burgher by throwing him from the walls of his town.

At the death of William the Conqueror, Henry was left no lands, merely 5,000 pounds of silver. With these he bought lands from his elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, only to see them taken back again a few years later by Robert, in unholy alliance with his brother William Rufus.

Henry could do little to avenge such treatment, but in England he found numerous barons who were tired of the exactions and ambitions of their king. He formed alliances with some of these, notably with the important de Clare family. He and some of the de Clares were with William Rufus on his last hunting expedition, and it is thought that the king's death was the result of Henry's plotting.

Certainly he moved fast to take advantage of it; leaving Rufus's body unattended in the woods, he swooped down on Winchester to take control of the treasury. Two days later he was in Westminster, being crowned by the Bishop of London. His speed is understandable when one realises that his elder brother, Robert [Curthose], was returning from the crusade, and claimed, with good reason, to be the true heir.

Henry showed great good sense in his first actions as King. He arrested Ranulph Flambard, William's tax-gatherer, and recalled Anselm, the exiled Archbishop. Furthermore, he issued a Charter of Liberties which promised speedy redress of grievances, and a return to the good government of the Conqueror. Putting aside for the moment his many mistresses, he married the sister of the King of Scots, who was descended from the royal line of Wessex; and lest the Norman barons should think him too pro-English in this action, he changed her name from Edith to Matilda. No one could claim that he did not aim to please.

In 1101 Robert Curthose invaded, but Henry met him at Alton, and persuaded him to go away again by promising him an annuity of 2,000. He had no intention of keeping up the payments, but the problem was temporarily solved.

He now felt strong enough to move against dissident barons who might give trouble in the future. Chief amongst these was the vicious Robert of Bellême, Earl of Shrewsbury, whom Henry had known for many years as a dangerous troublemaker. He set up a number of charges against him in the king's court, making it plain that if he appeared for trial he would be convicted and imprisoned. Thus Robert and his colleagues were forced into rebellion at a time not of their own choosing, were easily defeated and sent scuttling back to Normandy.

In Normandy Robert Curthose began to wreak his wrath on all connected with his brother, thus giving Henry an excellent chance to retaliate with charges of misgovernment and invade. He made two expeditions in 1104-5, before the great expedition of 1106 on which Robert was defeated at the hour-long battle of Tinchebrai, on the anniversary of Hastings. No one had expected such an easy victory, but Henry took advantage of the state of shock resulting from the battle to annex Normandy. Robert was imprisoned (in some comfort, it be said); he lived on for 28 more years, ending up in Cardiff castle whiling away the long hours learning Welsh. His son William Clito remained a free agent, to plague Henry for most of the rest of his reign.

In England the struggle with Anselm over the homage of bishops ran its course until the settlement of 1107. In matters of secular government life was more simple: Henry had found a brilliant administrator, Roger of Salisbury, to act as Justiciar for him. Roger had an inventive mind, a keen grasp of affairs, and the ability to single out young men of promise. He quickly built up a highly efficient team of administrators, and established new routines and forms of organisation within which they could work. To him we owe the Exchequer and its recording system of the Pipe Rolls, the circuits of royal justiciars spreading the king's peace, and the attempts at codification of law. Henry's good relationships with his barons, and with the burgeoning new towns owed much to skilful administration. Certainly he was able to gain a larger and more reliable revenue this way than by the crude extortion his brother had used.

In 1120 came the tragedy of the White Ship. The court was returning to England, and the finest ship in the land was filled with its young men, including Henry's son and heir William. Riotously drunk, they tried to go faster and faster, when suddenly the ship foundered. All hands except a butcher of Rouen were lost, and England was without an heir.

Henry's only legitimate child was Matilda, but she was married to the Emperor Henry V of Germany, and so could not succeed. But in 1125 her husband died, and Henry brought her home and forced the barons to swear fealty to her---though they did not like the prospect of a woman ruler. Henry then married her to Geoffrey of Anjou, the Normans' traditional enemy, and the barons were less happy---especially when the newly-weds had a terrible row, and Geoffrey ordered her out of his lands. In 1131 Henry, absolutely determined, forced the barons to swear fealty once more, and the fact that they did so is testimoney of his controlling power. Matilda and Geoffrey were reunited, and in 1133 she produced a son whom she named for his grandfather. If only Henry could live on until his grandson was old enough to rule, all would be well.

But in 1135, against doctor's orders, he ate a hearty meal of lampreys, got acute indigestion, which turned into fever, and died. He was buried at his abbey in Reading---some said in a silver coffin, for which there was an unsuccessful search at the Dissolution. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry — . Unknown [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: A415AF82CB02054CA33647FE92ED650D1737

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• _UID: 36C9FEA0E10E4F46AAB3AC81550118D5EEFB

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• _UID: 54A66F2E30076D468F4A786CE4496338067A

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• _UID: A794AD42CFB13543B65BEFE420668D667F15

William married D'Anjou, Cts/Flanders Sibilla 1123; divorced Yes, date unknown. Sibilla (daughter of d'Anjou, King of Jerusalem Foulques V and de Flèche, Princess Ermengar) was born Abt 1103/1105, of, , Anjou, France; died 1163/1167. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: F6F9A50BC1691D4EA3EFBF4C8C03EEDF2D86

William married de Montferrat, Adelicia 1117. Adelicia (daughter of de Montferrat, Reiner) was born 1101. [Group Sheet]

William married d'Anjou, Sybil 1123; divorced Yes, date unknown. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: 14B1A9CCF356594A807A51A0134D43D4884C

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• _UID: FC6C6E3F0B88044EBC35F8DAAD743219297F

Guillaume — Countess of Chartres Agnes. Agnes was born Abt 1090. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8XJ0-ZT
• _UID: D3D2C70110A82F42AD8828DA12A518F6923C

Mahaud married Earl of Chester Richard 1115. Richard was born Abt 1086. [Group Sheet]

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Notes:

!Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call.

Thibault married Countess of CHAMPAGNE Mahaud Abt 1126. Mahaud (daughter of Engilbert II and Uthadesultzbach) was born Abt 1097, of, Carinthie; died Apr 1152. [Group Sheet]

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Buried at St. Martin's Priory? He had at least two concubines. Marriage date also given as 3 May 1151?

Stephen married de Boulogne, Queen Of England Matilda Bef 1125. Matilda (daughter of Boulogne, Count Eustace III and Princess Of Scotland Mary) was born Abt 1105, of, Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France; died 1 May 1151, Heveningham, Essex, England, England; was buried 3 May 1151, Feversham, Kent, England, England. [Group Sheet]

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Lithuise — Count/Troyes Milon II. Milon was born Abt 1094. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: FF4707379C801847915A9CE408888F048D79

Alix — Count/Joigney Renaud III. Renaud was born Abt 1096. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: D9A3385754A07A4EB344C6645C6D845D9212

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• _UID: 6058BFE880451D429365324D47A5609EE43E

Eleonore married Capet, Count Raoul I 1124/1125; divorced Yes, date unknown. Raoul (son of Capet, Duc de Vermandois et de Bourgogne Hugh and Capet, Comtesse de VERMANDOIS Adélaïde) was born Abt 1073, of, Valois, Bretagne, France; died 14 Oct 1152; was buried , St Arnoul, Crepy. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8XJ1-61
• _UID: 446D3AD3F203DD48AE5F6D81350774F37609

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• AFN: 8XJ1-76
• _UID: 7AACCEE5CD504B4E9ED583C9ED513950157C

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• AFN: 8PTS-0L
• _UID: 7BD75AC6412EFB4598A01E8916B9834597D3
• _UID: 7C7C4139726948BC96423E8AFA107735A79D
• _UID: 92C32F340AA247E0AF6DEDC4733CC4EFBAA3
• _UID: B72E13AD5454D34E81B06C0B59110E46D40D

Notes:

EARLDOM OF SURREY (II) 1088

WILLIAM (DE WARENNE) II, EARL OF SURREY, 1st son and heir by 1st wife, usually styled EARL DE WARENNE. In 1090 he fought in Normandy against Robert de Bell?me (afterwards 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury), who was supported by Duke Robert. Shortly after 1093 he sought unsuccessfully to marry Maud, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland. He was with Henry I at Windsor on 3 September 1101, but later in that autumn he went with Duke Robert to Normandy and supported him against the King, who confiscated his inheritance in England; however, in 1103 the Duke induced Henry to restore his English Earldom. In 1106 he commanded a division of the royal army at the battle of Tinchebrai. In 1109 he was at a Great Council at Nottingharn; and in 1110 he was a surety for the performance of the treaty with the Count of Flanders. In 1111 he was one of the nobles sitting in judgement in Normandy. He commanded a division of the royal army at the battle of Brémule in 1119 (l). In 1131 he attended the Council at Northampton. He was present at the death of Henry I on 1 December 1135 at Lyons-la-Foret; after which the councillors put him in charge of the district of Rouen and the pays de Caux. Later he went to England, and he was at Westminster with Stephen at Easter 1136. He was probably still living in June 1137. He was a benefactor, or confirmed previous benefactions, to the abbeys of St. Evroul and St. Amand (Rouen), and the priories of Lewes, Castle Acre, Wymondham, Longueville and Bellencombre. Henry I had proposed to marry William to one of his illegitimate daughters, but on Archbishop Anselm's objection this match was abandoned on the ground of affinity. William eventually married Isabel (or Elizabeth), widow of Robert (DE BEAUMONT), COUNT OF MEULAN and 1st EARL OF LEICESTER (died 5 June 1118) (c), daughter of Hugh DE CRÉPI (styled "the Great"), COUNT OF VERMANDOIS (younger son of HENRY I, KING OF FRANCE), by Adelaide, daughter and heir of Herbert, COUNT OF VERMANDOIS and VALOIS. He died probably 11 May 1138 and was buried at his father's feet in the chapter-house at Lewes. Isabel survived him and with the consent of her son the 3rd Earl gave the church of Dorking to Lewes priory (g). She died probably before July 1147 (h). [Complete Peerage XII/1:495-6, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

was a member of royalty, nobility or aristocracy in the British Isles.

William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred. He is more often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.
In January 1091, William assisted Hugh of Grantmesnil (d.1094) in his defense of Courcy against the forces of Robert de Belleme and Duke Robert.
Sometime around 1093 he tried to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of king Malcolm III of Scotland. She instead married Henry I of England, and this may be the cause of William's great dislike of Henry I, which was to be his apparent motivator in the following years.
He accompanied Robert Curthose (Duke Robert) in his 1101 invasion of England, and afterwards lost his English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy. There he complained to Curthose that he expended great effort on the duke's behalf and had in return lost most of his possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convince his brother to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had to give up all he had received after the 1101 invasion, and subsequently William was loyal to Henry.
To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his many illegitimate daughters. He was however dissuaded by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, for any of the daughters would have been within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity. The precise nature of the consanguinous relationship Anselm had in mind has been much debated, but it is most likely he was referring to common descent from the father of duchess Gunnor.
William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became more prominent in Henry's court.
In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, and afterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near his own in upper Normandy. By this maneuver king Henry further assured his loyalty, for the successful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this new territory.
He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, and was at Henry's deathbed in 1135.
William's death is recorded as 11-May-1138 in the register of Lewes priory and he was buried with his father at the chapter-house there.
Family
In 1118 William acquired the royal-blooded bride he desired when married Elizabeth de Vermandois. She was a daughter of count Hugh of Vermandois, a son of Henry I of France, and was the widow of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester.
By Elizabeth he had three sons and two daughters:
William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey;
Reginald de Warenne, who inherited his father's property in upper Normandy, including the castles of Bellencombre and Mortemer. He married Adeline, daughter of William, lord of Wormgay in Norfolk, by whom he had a son William (founder of the priory of Wormegay), whose daughter and sole heir Beatrice married first Dodo, lord Bardolf, and secondly Hubert de Burgh; Reginald was one of the persecutors of Archbishop Thomas in 1170.
Ralph de Warenne
Gundrada de Warenne, who married first Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick, and second William, lord of Kendal, and is most remembered for expelling king Stephen's garrison from Warwick Castle;
Ada de Warenne, who married Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon who made many grants to the priory of Lewes.

William de Warenne II - also known as: Warren - was born about 1065, lived in Sussex, England and died on 11 May 1138 in England . He was the son of William de Warenne I and Princess Gundred of England.
William married Isabel de Vermandois before 1118 in France. Isabel was born about 1085, lived in Valois, France. She was the daughter of Hughes of France and Adelle de Vermandois. She died on 13 Feb 1131 in England .


William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred. He is more often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.
In January 1091, William assisted Hugh of Grantmesnil (d.1094) in his defense of Courcy against the forces of Robert de Belleme and Duke Robert [1].
Sometime around 1093 he tried to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of king Malcolm III of Scotland. She instead married Henry I of England, and this may be the cause of William's great dislike of Henry I, which was to be his apparent motivator in the following years.
He accompanied Robert Curthose (Duke Robert) in his 1101 invasion of England, and afterwards lost his English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy[2]. There he complained to Curthose that he expended great effort on the duke's behalf and had in return lost most of his possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convince his brother to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had to give up all he had received after the 1101 invasion, and subsequently William was loyal to Henry.
To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his many illegitimate daughters. He was however dissuaded by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, for any of the daughters would have been within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity. The precise nature of the consanguinous relationship Anselm had in mind has been much debated, but it is most likely he was referring to common descent from the father of duchess Gunnor.
William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became more prominent in Henry's court.
In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, and afterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near his own in upper Normandy. By this maneuver king Henry further assured his loyalty, for the successful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this new territory.
He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119 [3], and was at Henry's deathbed in 1135.
William's death is recorded as 11-May-1138 in the register of Lewes priory and he was buried with his father at the chapter-house there.
Family
In 1118 William acquired the royal-blooded bride he desired when married Elizabeth de Vermandois. She was a daughter of count Hugh of Vermandois, a son of Henry I of France, and was the widow of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester.
By Elizabeth he had three sons and two daughters:
William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey;
Reginald de Warenne, who inherited his father's property in upper Normandy, including the castles of Bellencombre and Mortemer He married Adeline, aughter of William, lord of Wormgay in Norfolk, by whom he had a son William (founder of the priory of Wormegay), whose daughter and sole heir Beatrice married first Dodo, lord Bardolf, and secondly Hubert de Burgh; Reginald was one of the persecutors of Archbishop Thomas in 1170.
Ralph de Warenne
Gundrada de Warenne, who married first Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick, and second William, lord of Kendal, and is most remembered for expelling king Stephen's garrison from Warwick Castle;
Ada de Warenne, who married Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon who made many grants to the priory of Lewes.


EARLDOM OF SURREY (II)

WILLIAM (DE WARENNE) II, EARL OF SURREY, 1st son and heir by 1st wife, usually styled EARL DE WARENNE. In 1090 he fought in Normandy against Robert de Belléme (afterwards 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury), who was supported by Duke Robert. Shortly after 1093 he sought unsuccessfully to marry Maud, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland. He was with Henry I at Windsor on 3 September 1101, but later in that autumn he went with Duke Robert to Normandy and supported him against the King, who confiscated his inheritance in England; however, in 1103 the Duke induced Henry to restore his English Earldom. In 1106 he commanded a division of the royal army at the battle of Tinchebrai. In 1109 he was at a Great Council at Nottingharn; and in 1110 he was a surety for the performance of the treaty with the Count of Flanders. In 1111 he was one of the nobles sitting in judgement in Normandy. He commanded a division of the royal army at the battle of Brémule in 1119 (l). In 1131 he attended the Council at Northampton. He was present at the death of Henry I on 1 December 1135 at Lyons-la-Foret; after which the councillors put him in charge of the district of Rouen and the pays de Caux. Later he went to England, and he was at Westminster with Stephen at Easter 1136. He was probably still living in June 1137. He was a benefactor, or confirmed previous benefactions, to the abbeys of St. Evroul and St. Amand (Rouen), and the priories of Lewes, Castle Acre, Wymondham, Longueville and Bellencombre. Henry I had proposed to marry William to one of his illegitimate daughters, but on Archbishop Anselm's objection this match was abandoned on the ground of affinity. William eventually married Isabel (or Elizabeth), widow of Robert (DE BEAUMONT), COUNT OF MEULAN and 1st EARL OF LEICESTER (died 5 June 1118) (c), daughter of Hugh DE CRÉPI (styled "the Great"), COUNT OF VERMANDOIS (younger son of HENRY I, KING OF FRANCE), by Adelaide, daughter and heir of Herbert, COUNT OF VERMANDOIS and VALOIS. He died probably 11 May 1138 and was buried at his father's feet in the chapter-house at Lewes. Isabel survived him and with the consent of her son the 3rd Earl gave the church of Dorking to Lewes priory (g). She died probably before July 1147 (h)

According to Ancestral Roots, Isabel preceeded William in death in 13 Feb 1130/31--not July 1147.

(l) He had encouraged Henry to fight when William (de Tancarville) the Chamberlain urged him to retreat. His alleged speech to the King before the battle is given in "Chron. Men de Hida", pp. 316-7.
(c) According to Henry of Huntingdon [their daughter Ada's husband], the death of Isabel's 1st husband was hastened by an (unnamed) Earl carrying her off, by force or fraud. The truth of this is open to question.
(g) He left 3 sons: William - 3rd Earl, Ralph, and Rainald, ancestor of the Warennes of Wormegay; and 2 daughters: (1) Gundred, who m. 1st Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick; 2ndly, (as his 2nd wife), William de Lancaster; (2) Ada, who m. Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, s. of David I, King of Scotland, by whom she was mother of Malcolm IV and William the Lion, Kings of Scotland.
(h) Before her son William, 3rd Earl, went on crusade in June 1147.

This nobleman, William de Warrenne (Earl of Warrenne), 2nd Earl of Surrey, joined Robert de Belesmé, Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, in favour of Robert Curthose against Henry I, and in consequence forfeited his English earldom and estates, but those were subsequently restored to him and he was ever afterwards a good and faithful subject to King Henry. His lordship m. Isabel, dau. of Hugh the Great, Earl of Vermandois, and widow of Robert, Earl of Mellent, by whom he had issue, William, Reginald, Ralph, Gundred, and Adeline. The earl d. 11 May, 1138, and was s. by his eldest son, William de Warrenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey.

William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred. He is more often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.
In January 1091, William assisted Hugh of Grantmesnil (d. 1094) in his defense of Courcy against the forces of Robert de Belleme and Duke Robert.
Sometime around 1093 he tried to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of king Malcolm III of Scotland. She instead married Henry I of England, and this may be the cause of William's great dislike of Henry I, which was to be his apparent motivator in the following years.
He accompanied Robert Curthose (Duke Robert) in his 1101 invasion of England, and afterwards lost his English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy. There he complained to Curthose that he expended great effort on the duke's behalf and had in return lost most of his possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convince his brother to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had to give up all he had received after the 1101 invasion, and subsequently William was loyal to Henry.
To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his many illegitimate daughters. He was however dissuaded by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, for any of the daughters would have been within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity. The precise nature of the consanguineous relationship Anselm had in mind has been much debated, but it is most likely he was referring to common descent from the father of duchess Gunnor.
William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became more prominent in Henry's court.
In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, and afterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near his own in upper Normandy. By this maneuver king Henry further assured his loyalty, for the successful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this new territory.
He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, and was at Henry's deathbed in 1135.
William's death is recorded as 11-May-1138 in the register of Lewes priory and he was buried with his father at the chapter-house there.
Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Meulan apparently tired of her aging husband at some point during the marriage. The historian Planche says (1874) that the Countess was seduced by or fell in love with a younger nobleman, William de Warenne (b. ca. 1071 - d. 11 May 1138) himself the thwarted suitor of Edith of Scotland, Queen consort of Henry I of England. Warenne was said to want a royal bride, and Elizabeth fitted his requirements, even though she was also another man's wife.
In 1115, the Countess was apparently carried off or abducted by Warenne, which abduction apparently concealed a long-standing affair. There was some kind of separation or divorce between Meulan and his wife, which however did not permit her to marry her lover. The elderly Count of Meulan died, supposedly of chagrin and mortification in being thus publicly humiliated, in the Abbey of Preaux, Normandy on 5 June 1118, leaving his properties to his two elder sons whom he had carefully educated.
In 1118 William acquired the royal-blooded bride he desired when married Elizabeth de Vermandois. She was a daughter of count Hugh of Vermandois, a son of Henry I of France, and was the widow of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester.
William and Elizabeth had three sons and two daughters:
? William de Warenne;
? Reginald de Warenne;
? Ralph de Warenne;
? Gundrada (Gundred) de Warenne;
? Ada de Warenne.
Note: William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

Note: According to Ancestral Roots, Isabel preceeded William in death in 13 Feb 1130/31--not July 1147.

(l) He had encouraged Henry to fight when William (de Tancarville) the Chamberlain urged him to retreat. His alleged speech to the King before the battle is given in "Chron. Men de Hida", pp. 316-7.

(c) According to Henry of Huntingdon [their daughter Ada's husband], the death of Isabel's 1st husband was hastened by an (unnamed) Earl carrying her off, by force or fraud. The truth of this is open to question.

(g) He left 3 sons: William - 3rd Earl, Ralph, and Rainald, ancestor of the Warennes of Wormegay; and 2 daughters: (1) Gundred, who m. 1st Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick; 2ndly, (as his 2nd wife), William de Lancaster; (2) Ada, who m. Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, s. of David I, King of Scotland, by whom she was mother of Malcolm IV and William the Lion, Kings of Scotland.

(h) Before her son William, 3rd Earl, went on crusade in June 1147.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

This nobleman, William de Warrenne (Earl of Warrenne), 2nd Earl of Surrey, joined Robert de Belesmé, Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, in favour of Robert Curthose against Henry I, and in consequence forfeited his English earldom and estates, but those were subsequently restored to him and he was ever afterwards a good and faithful subject to King Henry. His lordship m. Isabel, dau. of Hugh the Great, Earl of Vermandois, and widow of Robert, Earl of Mellent, by whom he had issue, William, Reginald, Ralph, Gundred, and Adeline. The earl d. 11 May, 1138, and was s. by his eldest son, William de Warrenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

Source:
Jim Weber , WorldConnect at Rootsweb:
http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=jweber&id=I12010&style=TABLE.

im Weber , WorldConnect at Rootsweb:
http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=jweber&id=I11952

Jim Weber , WorldConnect at Rootsweb:
http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=jweber&id=I26146

(Research):Other names for William were William II DE WARREN and William DE WARRENNE.

Source: http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Warenne-25

(Research):William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred. He is more often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.
In January 1091, William assisted Hugh of Grantmesnil (d.1094) in his defense of Courcy against the forces of Robert de Belleme and Duke Robert. Sometime around 1093 he tried to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. She instead married Henry I of England, and this may be the cause of William's great dislike of Henry I, which was to be his apparent motivator in the following years.

He accompanied Robert Curthose (Duke Robert) in his 1101 invasion of England, and afterwards lost his English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy. There he complained to Curthose that he expended great effort on the Duke's behalf and had in return lost most of his possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convince his brother to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had to give up all he had received after the 1101 invasion, and subsequently William was loyal to Henry. To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his many illegitimate daughters. He was however dissuaded by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, for any of the daughters would have been within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity. The precise nature of the consanguineous relationship Anselm had in mind has been much debated, but it is most likely he was referring to common descent from the father of duchess Gunnor.

William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became more prominent in Henry's court. In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, and afterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near his own in upper Normandy. By this maneuver king Henry further assured his loyalty, for the successful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this new territory. He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, and was at Henry's deathbed in 1135. William's death is recorded as May 11,1138 in the register of Lewes priory and he was buried with his father at the chapter-house there.

Marriage date of 1101 is given on page 7 of "Sussex archaeological collections relating to the history and antiquities of the county", Volume XXXV, http://books.google.com/books?id=j64xAQAAIAAJ

Source: http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Warenne-25

SUFFIX: Also shown as Earl of Surrey

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1071

DEATH: Also shown as Died Lewes, Sussex, England.

PREFIX: Also shown as Earl

SURNAME: Also shown as De Warren

PREFIX: Also shown as Earl/Surrey

William married Capet, Countess of Leicester, de Vermandois Elizabeth Abt 1118, France. Elizabeth (daughter of Capet, Duc de Vermandois et de Bourgogne Hugh and Capet, Comtesse de VERMANDOIS Adélaïde) was born 13 Feb 1080, Valois now Oise, Picardy, France; died 17 Feb 1146, St. Nicaise, Meulan, Desens, France; was buried 17 Feb 1131, Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8PTS-FT
• _UID: 26E3B92CCB7A2F4C9BC56830934F58321201

Other Events:

• AFN: 8PTS-H6
• _UID: 9D55022F9487A44E9C8B8C5A8E4473DA5CA8

Notes:

Md. 2) Drew de MONCEUX.

Edith — de Gurney, Gerald. Gerald was born Abt 1082. [Group Sheet]

Edith — De Monceux, Drew. Drew was born Abt 1082. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FK0-XR
• _UID: B4643C1BE744D84B9D228F633DA6A54F4534

Notes:

or is the Castle in Norfolk?

Gundred — de Colunches, Ernest. Ernest was born Abt 1083. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: 6CEBDC70DB0F3342ABEC4F24E4B91121DBCE

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• _UID: AD1E31F1FD2AF94196318352BA43EA4A1BAC

William — of Sully, Agnes. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: D57521E9AB2A7A4980DB1B8D4DF7C6F9F2F3

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4KP
• _UID: 80ABC546CF118642B7935EC3BD23628E19C5

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-42X
• _UID: E79E6A253835CE49B419C9E29753EDA78E28

Other Events:

• _FSFTID: 9HP2-42C
• _UID: 3FB1B7583111D64FA8D7F81C5C95FA785C0B

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-42T
• _UID: FF36B3BC3E0AD6458C628F57931E94BDDD35

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-422
• _UID: 5C9A9E09508ACB4EB89407CA4DECABCE5F3D

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-423
• _UID: 72C67E48BF59C84183AEDE56159CF4C2EBB4

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• _FSFTID: LJ1R-HHF
• _UID: E72A25B2DFBC7E46A8B9F0B6530E223C0D53

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4VX
• _UID: 633FB844C9E4344CBF4A7D6099556D98A4F2

Theobald — Carinthia, Maud. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4VH
• _UID: 5E76A30E31E5BD4F8E7881118FADAC3A619E

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4KT
• _UID: F645FF57F1D0E24F8812E92ED82AAC0DEFFC

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• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4V1
• _UID: 31E8EE526C868943A675D204F9201F93D3D5

Notes:

Stephen (1096 - October 25, 1154), the last Norman King of England, reigned from 1135 to 1154, when he was succeeded by his cousin Henry II, the first of the Angevin or Plantagenet Kings.
Stephen was born at Blois in France, the son of Stephen, Count of Blois, and Adela, daughter of King William I of England, and thus the brother of Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester. He became Count of Mortain in about 1115, and married Matilda, daughter of the Count of Boulogne, in about 1125, who shortly after became Countess of Boulogne. Stephen became joint ruler in 1128. In 1150 he ceased to co-rule, and in 1151, the County was given to his son, Eustace IV. When Eustace died childless, Stephen's next living son, William inherited the territory.
Before the death of King Henry I of England in 1135, the majority of the barons of England swore to support Empress Maud, Henry's daughter, and her claim to the throne. However, Stephen of Blois, who was a grandson of William the Conqueror through his mother, Adela, and had been raised at Henry's court, laid claim to the throne. He also claimed his uncle Henry had changed his mind on his deathbed, and named Stephen as his heir. Once Stephen was crowned, he gained the support of the majority of the barons as well as Pope Innocent II. The first few years of his reign were peaceful, but by 1139 he was seen as weak and indecisive, setting the country up for a civil war, commonly called The Anarchy.
Stephen had many traits that made him seem superficially fit for kingship: his high birth, his descent from the Conqueror, his handsomeness, his bravery and good nature. But he possessed none of the ruthlessness necessary for the ruthless times he lived in; indeed, Walter Map says of Stephen: "He was adept at the martial arts but in other respects little more than a simpleton."
Bad omens haunted him before the Battle of Lincoln. Stephen was facing his rebellious barons Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and the Earl of Chester. He fought so bravely in the battle that his battle-axe shattered. He drew a sword and continued fighting until it broke as well, as he was captured by a knight named William de Cahagnes. Stephen was defeated and he was brought before his cousin, Maud.
In April, 1141, Stephen was defeated and imprisoned at Bristol. His wife, Matilda, kept faith, and Empress Maud was forced out of London. With the capture of her most able lieutenant, her illegitimate half-brother, the Earl of Gloucester, Maud was obliged to release Stephen from captivity, and he was restored to the throne in November of the same year. In December 1142, Empress Maud was besieged at Oxford, but she managed to escape.
In 1147, Empress Maud's adolescent son, Henry, decided to assist in the war effort by raising a small army of mercenaries and invading England. Rumors of this army's size terrified Stephen's retainers, although in truth the force was very small. Having been defeated twice in battle, and with no money to pay his mercenaries, the young Henry appealed to his uncle Robert for aid but was turned away. Desperately, and in secret, the boy then asked Stephen for help. According to the Gesta Stephani, "On receiving the message, the king, who was ever full of pity and compassion, hearkened to the young man..." and bestowed upon him money and other support. Despite this generosity, there is no evidence for the rumors that Stephen was Henry's biological father.
Stephen maintained his precarious hold on the throne for the remainder of his lifetime. However, following the death of his son and heir, Eustace, in 1153, he was persuaded to reach a compromise with Maud whereby her son, Henry (from her second marriage to Geoffrey of Anjou), would succeed Stephen on the English throne.
Stephen died at Dover, and was buried in Faversham Abbey, which he had founded with Matilda in 1147
Besides Eustace, Stephen and Matilda had two other sons, Baldwin (d. before 1135), and William of Blois, Count of Mortain and Boulogne and Earl of Surrey or Warenne. They also had two daughters, Matilda and Marie of Boulogne. As well as these children, Stephen fathered at least three bastards, one of whom, Gervase, became Abbot of Westminster.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (the Peterborough Chronicle second continuation) provides a moving and succinct appraisal of Stephen's reign:
"In the days of this King there was nothing but strife, evil, and robbery, for quickly the great men who were traitors rose against him. When the traitors saw that Stephen was a good-humoured, kindly, and easy-going man who inflicted no punishment, then they committed all manner of horrible crimes . . . And so it lasted for nineteen years while Stephen was King, till the land was all undone and darkened with such deeds, and men said openly that Christ and his angels slept".
The monastic author says, of The Anarchy, "this and more we suffered nineteen winters for our sins."

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Birth - Date: 1096

Stephen married de Boulogne, suo jure Countess of Boulogne Matilda 1125, Westminster, England. Matilda (daughter of de Boulogne, Count of Boulogne Eustace III and Dunkeld, Mary) was born C 1104, Boulogne, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died 3 May 1152, Hedingham Castle, Essex, England; was buried , Faversham Abbey. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• Occupation: Bishop Of Winchester
• _FSFTID: 9HP2-4KC
• _UID: 13FE8C7516D9C04F96C5012389030496B5E0

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• AFN: 9FTM-NT
• _UID: B2EB412851A3084A84D9F59F60B6DEB1E229

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-RX
• _UID: 881D0D9428701C4CAA003D188104319D9826
• _UID: F8444A23E325904C92D561536A9611D18A7B
• _UID: FF6EF4067ABE2142BCE08D378EFF063D3265
• Birth: Abt 1088, Caen, Clvds, France

Notes:

PREFIX: Also shown as Earl of Gloucster

DEATH: Also shown as Died Bristol, Gloucster, England.

SURNAME: Also shown as Gloucester

DEATH: Also shown as Died 1147

Robert — Unknown [Concubine 1]. Unknown was born Abt 1092, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Robert — Unknown [Concubine 2]. Unknown was born Abt 1092, of, , , England. [Group Sheet]

Robert married Fitz Hammon, Cts/Gloucester Mabel Abt 1109, of, , , England. Mabel (daughter of Fitz Hammon, Lord of Corboil Robert and de Montgomery, Sybil) was born Abt 1090, of, , , England; died 1157, , Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ3-2L
• _UID: 16F3DE1AD8ADF74B955ED1C1D75FEF4EC075

Sibyl married mac Maíl Choluim, King Of Scotland Alexander I 1107. Alexander (son of Mac Duncan, King Of Scotland Máel Coluim III and Cerdicingas, Queen of Scotland Margaret) was born 1078, Atholl, Perth And Kinross, Scotland; died 23 Apr 1124, , Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried 25 Apr 1124, Dunfermline Abbe, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8XJ3-3R
• _UID: 88342CD4C2506341963DC0DE93CBACC8B565

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• AFN: 8XJ3-54
• _UID: 8853AF171100DF429ED4E031B11078B7467A

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• AFN: 8XJ3-69
• _UID: 538BAFB2A2ECD14DB511CA24BE378B5C7B2A

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• AFN: 8XJ3-4X
• _UID: F55F051EEED5B14E8D76A77B9B89E76CD5D8

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• AFN: 8XJ2-XX
• _UID: 9898D7B6B3EBD142A87FB9EBC2896A3D2BBB

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• AFN: 9FTK-3M
• _UID: 106138DD8BA41A48AC7DC573F461D3F7974C

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• AFN: 9FTK-50
• _UID: 1DD46EC8252B87418D089FEA046C738ECE40

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• AFN: 9FTK-4S
• _UID: 5B0A799BA218B24299564FE7DC8E860B4759

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• AFN: 9FTK-D6
• _UID: B6128C704DE3B1469CCF9C32CB5435F76F37

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• AFN: 9FTK-GJ
• _UID: 25FE70ED5DF15345BC045C28C2DA6410BA17

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• AFN: 9FTL-K6
• _UID: 994111065408604992DCC6E31B7F29724288

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• AFN: 9FTL-WW
• _UID: AD1853CA9E43D7429A401F46D820DC59487E

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTL-Z8
• _UID: 43F1E039A87D184A8C01AC1616A1E8B274D7

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• AFN: 9FTM-3W
• _UID: 2E2B2F18E07E56449B3BB24BA06E7CC7BC7A
• _UID: B0BAB3FC6645ED4AB70971D8F948389A17B2

Notes:

SURNAME: Also shown as Montvillers

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Maud

AFN: Merged with a record that used the AFN 9FTM-LH

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1096

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTM-B4
• _UID: 812E9F943DF3E641B931891B8ED48E39F06F

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• AFN: 9FV0-DX
• _UID: 0440F6B95A4AD54BAF80023A78EED34AA5F4

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• AFN: 9FTK-Z4
• _UID: F15225B1A8FE864FB900BD6557733CE65BF0

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• _UID: 6BEEB68D64B01443AD2BF8C12FC113DB764C

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• _UID: 454410FB8121864AB3A967F2AA28B0FB380E

Sybilla — mac Mhaoil Chaluim, Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum Alasdair. Alasdair (son of mac Donnchada, Rí Alban/ Scottorum basileus Máel Coluim III and Cerdicingas, Queen of Scotland Margaret) was born 1078, Dunfermline; died 23 Apr 1124, Stirling; was buried , Dunfermline Abbey. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9T9Q-00
• _UID: 2834EE90D5A6F74295D2D90B8A2D3E4B191F

Elizabeth married Lord of Galloway Fergus Abt 1124, of, Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Fergus was born Abt 1080/1090, of, Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland; died , Abbey Of Holyroo, Edinburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FM0-NL
• _FSFTID: LRRJ-48B
• _UID: 331FD8F6E0D3BC4B83BADC3F541652978539
• _UID: DDC8AA6D6FA563428C49890C9AB0A729F998

Notes:

GEN: See Historical Document.

SURNAME: Also shown as Germany

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Matilda Empress of

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Winchester, England.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Bef 05 Aug 1102

DEATH: Also shown as Died Abbey of Notre Dame des Prs, Rouen.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 10 Sep 1167/1169

Matlda married Salier, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V / IV 7 Jan 1114, Mainz, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia. Henry (son of Emperor of Germany Heinrich III / IV) was born 11 Aug 1086, Goslar, Germany; died 23 May 1125, , Utrect, Utrect, The Netherlands. [Group Sheet]

Matlda married Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V 22 May 1128, , Le Mans, Sarthe, France. Geoffrey (son of d'Anjou, King of Jerusalem Foulques V and de Flèche, Princess Ermengar) was born 24 Aug 1113, Anjou, France; died 7 Sep 1151, , Chateau, Eure-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8XJ0-KR
• _FSFTID: 9CDJ-4P9
• _UID: 06C7AD3DDCF3DF44BD184280515902B29E14

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ0-M4
• _UID: 6B9221102FA9A44AAD988741ECA298E30AFD
• _UID: 7AC88326AA18E14B8A78F557A6CE3611E265
• _UID: B2D6C0078DF83444AE4B1EA25D47B1D12B0C

Notes:

or died 26 Nov 1119?

SURNAME: Also shown as Atheling

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as William Prince of England

BIRTH: Also shown as Born of, Selby, Yorkshire, England.

DEATH: Also shown as Died Barfleur, Normandy.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 25 Nov 1119/1120

SURNAME: Also shown as de Normandy

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as William

AFN: Merged with a record that used the AFN 9HPW-GM

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1118

Guillaume married d'Anjou, Dutchess Matilda Jun 1119, , Lisieux, Calvados, France. Matilda (daughter of d'Anjou, King of Jerusalem Foulques V and de Flèche, Princess Ermengar) was born 1109, of, Angers, Maine-et-loire, France; died 1154, , Fontevrault-L'Ab, Maine-et-loire, France. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ0-N9
• _UID: CDA0E9152C0AC4459CF3D18ECF5F1808E654

Notes:

or died in Sep.

Other Events:

• _UID: EE9AEF734D6563459B91AEAF0A3ED4CAB3AF

Other Events:

• AFN: 91R3-NL
• _UID: E859F2238B44974A9B9886F22BEDC0DD6658

Notes:

!Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call.

Henri married Capet, Princess of France Marie 1164, , , , France. Marie (daughter of Capet, King of France Louis VII and De Aquitaine, Queen/England Eleanor) was born Abt Apr 1138, of, , , France; died 11 Mar 1198. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJJ-63
• _UID: 262D601D8CB7D744812D8F9D48CB75BE4ECA
• _UID: E062CBE5F15F5F43886B76E3EC86B585DC7C

Notes:

GEN: See Historical Document.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Alice (Alix)

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Blois, France.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1134/1140

DEATH: Also shown as Died Paris, France.

Adele married Capet, King of France Louis VII 13 Nov 1160. Louis (son of Capet, King Of France Louis VI and Maurienne, Adela) was born Abt 1121; died 18 Sep 1180, , Paris, Seine, France; was buried , Abbey Barbeaux, Melun, France. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: 89D79F11ADA3AA4BA9CB206B915856881B48

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• _UID: 4B354BEFBDFE2B49A8D1C3881447597CDD91

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• _UID: B54BCD9392BF0A4A842EF9AEECC0C8F8CA83

Eustace married Princess Of France Constance Feb 1140. Constance was born Abt 1131. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: 172988F4B019524FB541E79D0D76758B23EE

Notes:

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 314 - # 11.

Marie married d'Alsace, Matthieu 1160. Matthieu (son of d'Alsace, Ct/Flanders Thierry and D'Anjou, Cts/Flanders Sibilla) was born Abt 1137, of, Flanders, Belgium; died 1214; was buried , , St Judoc, Ponthieu, France. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTG-V6
• _UID: 2BB88C59E3F2FB41A2400E5AA9E50317CB1C

Notes:

Born Oct 1160?

William married De Warren, Isabel 1153. Isabel (daughter of De Warren, Earl/Surrey William III and Talvoice, Adela (Ella) (Taluas)) was born Abt 1137, , , Surrey, England; died 13 Jul 1199, Lewes, Sussex, England, England; was buried , Chapter House, Lewes, Sussex, Eng. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTH-11
• _UID: 072F2C1EA4F223419202CFA5A5BF62E02802

Other Events:

• AFN: 8WKS-C3
• _UID: C459A8C93589A9469052AC8C8211452F5CC1

Notes:

!Third Earl of Warren.

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

!Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, F.G.sheet #514.

William — Talvoice, Adela (Ella) (Taluas). Adela (daughter of d'Talvace, Count/Alencon William III and Alice) was born Abt 1110/1114, of, Sussex or, Surrey, England. [Group Sheet]

William — . Unknown [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: A23EF51ECD8E4F838271F203897E99E78FAE

Notes:

Reginald de Warenne, who inherited his father's property in upper Normandy, including the castles of Bellencombre and Mortemer. He married Adeline, daughter of William, lord of Wormgay in Norfolk, by whom he had a son William (founder of the priory of Wormegay), whose daughter and sole heir Beatrice married first Dodo, lord Bardolf, and secondly Hubert de Burgh; Reginald was one of the persecutors of Archbishop Thomas in 1170.


Reginald de Warenne, who inherited his father's property in upper Normandy. He married Adeline, daughter of William, lord of Wormgay in Norfolk, by whom he had a son William, whose daughter and sole heir Beatrice married first Dodo, lord Bardolf, and secondly Hubert de Burgh;

Reginald de Warrenne, who marrying Alice, dau. and heir of William de Wirmgay, became Lord of Wirmgay, in Norfolk. He founded the priory of Wirmgay, and left a dau., Alice, wife of Reginald de Dunstavil, and a son, William, who m. twice, having issue only by his 1st wife, Beatrix, dau. of Hugh de Perepont, a son, Reginald, who d. s. p., and two daus., viz, Beatrix de Warren who m. 1st, Dodo Bardolf, Baron of Shelford and left a son, William Bardolf, m. 2ndly, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent; Isabel, who is stated by Watson to have m. Geoffrey de Merlay. Watson, in his History of the House of Warren, corroborated by Camden and Ormerod, makes this Reginald to have m. Aldelia de Mowbray, and to have had a son, William, from whom he deduces the family of Warren, of Poynton, co. Chester. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

Source: http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Warenne-42

Reginald — . Unknown [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8PTS-34
• _UID: 8A7FD5301E912A4296AF0E8B48CFC0BB990C

Reginald — De Mowbray, Adela. Adela (daughter of De Mowbray, Roger and de Clare, Agnes Rose) was born Abt 1106. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8PTS-49
• _UID: C4A7039A12CE4745A718FED3D40FCBF6A8E6

Other Events:

• _UID: EF94FED4C9884A6E99247081D44531388EEC

Notes:

Gundred, elder daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, by Elizabeth/Isabel widow of his (Roger's) uncle, Robert I de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester. [Burke's Peerage]

-------------------

Gundred de Warenne, Countess of Warwick [dau. of William de Warenne & Isabel de Vermandois], widow of Roger de Newburgh; m. (2) William de Lancaster I, d. 1170, 5th Baron Kendal of Workington in Coupland, son of Gilbert, 4th Baron Kendal; he inherited an extensive fief held of the Honour of Coupland, served as castellan of William fitz Duncan's castle of Egremont in 1138, and was Governor of the Caslte of Lancaster. [Ancestral Roots, line 88-25]

------------------

He [Roger Earl of Warwick] married Gundred, elder daughter of William (DE WARENNE), 2nd EARL OF SURREY, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), widow of Robert (DE BEAUMONT), COUNT OF MEULAN and 1st EARL OF LEICESTER, daughter of Hugh (DE CRÉPY), COUNT OF VERMANDOIS. He died in 1153. His widow married, as his 2nd wife, William DE LANCASTER, Lord of Kendal. She was living in 1166. [Complete Peerage XII/2:361-2, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

(Research):

Gundred/ married Roger DE BEAUMONT de Newburgh, 2nd Earl of Warwick, son of Henri I DE BEAUMONT-LE-ROGER 1st Earl of Warwick and Margaret DU PERCHE, before 1130 in England (Roger DE BEAUMONT de Newburgh, 2nd Earl of Warwick was born in 1090-1102 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England died on 12 Jun 1153 in Warwickshire, England and was buried on 20 Jun 1153.)

Gundred/ also married William DE LANCASTER 5th Baron Kendal, son of Gilbert DE LANCASTER 4th Baron of Kendal and Goditha DE TAILLEBOIS, about 1154(William DE LANCASTER 5th Baron Kendal was born about 1100 in Kendal, Westmorland, England and died in 1170 in Lancaster, Lancashire, England

Gundred/ married De Lancaster, 5th Baron Kendal William Abt 1154. William (son of De Lancaster, 4th Baron of Kendal Gilbert and De Taillebois, Goditha) was born Abt 1100, Kendal, Westmorland, England; died 1170, Lancaster, Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: GS4Z-H4
• _UID: D49190650790EC42915F6E1F74DE52ED2D19

Notes:

Trafford Pedigree; Some Early English Pedigrees, British 942 D2no, page 20.

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 455 - # 3

!Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, F.G.sheet #514.

Gundred married De Beaumont, Earl of Warwick Roger Bef 1130. Roger (son of De Beaumont, Earl/Warwick Henry and de Perche, Cts/Warwick Margaret) was born Abt 1090/1107, Warwick, Warwickshire, England; died 12 Jun 1153, , , Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Gundred married de Lancaster, Lord/Kendall William Abt 1154. William (son of de Lancaster, Gilbert and Godith) was born Abt 1115, of, , Cumberland, England; died 1170. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XQ6-VR
• _FSFTID: LD91-PD2
• _UID: 0CBCA66ABB3E40409430D637BD4083D77900
• _UID: 8A31B986CC6E453584783A221BF5098CAB9B
• _UID: B5DD2AABBE431842B15AC56CDD9AD83F8C32

Notes:

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Death - Date: 12 Jun 1152 Place: Huntington, Huntington, England

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

!Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, F.G.sheet #514.

He [Henry of Scotland] married Ada (or Adeline), daughter of William (de WARENNE), EARL OF SURREY, by Isabel, daughter of Hugh, COUNT OF VERMANDOIS. He died v.p., 12 June 1152, and was buried at Kelso [k]. His widow died in 1178, having in that year founded the Nunnery of Haddington. [Complete Peerage VI:642, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

(Research):Alt. Birth; Abt 1117, Surrey, Kent, England.

SURNAME: Also shown as De Warren

PREFIX: Also shown as Cts/Huntingdon

BIRTH: Also shown as Born of, , Surrey, England.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Ada (Adelaide)

PREFIX: Also shown as Countess

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1122

DEATH: Also shown as Died Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, , England.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Kelso.

Ada married mac Dabíd, Earl/Huntingdon Eanric 1134. Eanric (son of mac Maíl Choluim, King of the Scots David I and Lady Matilda, son of mac Maíl Choluim, King Of Scotland Dauíd I and de Huntingdon, Matilde Maud) was born 19 Nov 1114, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England; died 12 Jun 1152, Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland; was buried Jun 1152, Kelso Abbey, Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland. [Group Sheet]

Ada married 1139, Huntingdon, Huntingdon, England. Unknown [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTM-Q6
• _UID: 7EC808B4FF68204C99A1C06FB24956750422

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTM-SJ
• _UID: C44B3D199B2F294F8F95F2F2310620777D68

Other Events:

• AFN: 91SN-H6
• _UID: 65F60684D32F5E4D97E56E61385AFCEA5550

Notes:

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, chart 439, # 2.

William married De Beaumont, Hawise Abt 1150. Hawise (daughter of De Beaumont, Earl/Leicester Robert II and de Gael, Cts/Leicester Amice) was born Abt 1134, of Norfolk or, Leicester, Leicestershire, England; died 24 Apr 1197. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-VG
• _UID: C17197D7EF9F7C46A7E74B9CFF76A633B367

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-WM
• _UID: 21BBCEFB2C980D4B9ECB7DA056EACD348834

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-XS
• _UID: 3E25A8C330C0784885B1650129A717E3E4E6

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-Z0
• _UID: 4B00C31A244D1449BA71DB4E42B418338B1A

Mabel — De Vere, Aubrey. Aubrey (son of De Vere, Alberic (Aubrey) and de Clare, Adeliza (Alice)) was born Abt 1120, Hedingham, Essex, England; died 26 Dec 1194. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTK-04
• _UID: ABCBFE69A15644409126079A67357300BFD3

Maude married de Mortaigne, Earl/Chester Ranulph 1141, of, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. Ranulph (son of de Meschines, Earl/Chester Ranulph and Taillebois, Lucia (Lucy)) was born Abt 1100/1116, Gernon Castle, Normandy, France; died 16 Dec 1153, England; was buried , St Werburg, Chester, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTK-19
• _UID: 53C3E2175D38F143B2BCCE206844CF873666

Other Events:

• AFN: 9T9P-S0
• _UID: 16E97B80D3CDDC47950E3705A1B40406FB26

Other Events:

• AFN: 9T9Q-15
• _UID: B0E22D418319B44496BBAE83FD0B4D1E89E1

Other Events:

• AFN: 9T9Q-2B
• _UID: DCCE915811AFFA49B672387BB8AA49B8D48B

Other Events:

• AFN: 9T9Q-3H
• _UID: E1FB07DF7C44D14F9299C69A60407BF23AB4

Other Events:

• AFN: 8WKJ-MC
• _UID: 513B08873E696F44909AE469A06037BEE1DC
• _UID: 60880A36AA779B409D3A4013842DD401D442

Notes:

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2. He was Earl of Warren and Surrey.
This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
G /PLANTAGENET/ (AFN:8WKK-1D) and // (AFN:9FV0-9F)
or // (AFN:9FV0-6W)

or Matilda M /ENGLAND/ (AFN:9FM0-NL)

BIRTH: Also shown as Born , , Normandy, France.

DEATH: Also shown as Died Apr 1202

Hameline married Apr 1164, East Surrey, England. Unknown [Group Sheet]

Hameline married De Warren, Isabel Apr 1164, E. Surry., Eng.. Isabel (daughter of De Warren, Earl/Surrey William III and Talvoice, Adela (Ella) (Taluas)) was born Abt 1137, , , Surrey, England; died 13 Jul 1199, Lewes, Sussex, England, England; was buried , Chapter House, Lewes, Sussex, Eng. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: FB135DD50B8ED94C8BEF356890366C89D0E2

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FV0-73
• _UID: 382B62DD3550234F9CEEF2EF9517D048C8E5
• _UID: 428487D3BF9DC1439A938E467FE8D6F1AF65

Other Events:

• AFN: 8WKP-WF
• _FSFTID: LZN4-N7M
• _UID: 3A19CE0B4F042E42BD55485398167E09D119
• _UID: E5B8A273C1DDE0429465DDA93D584DCEA1AA
• _UID: FDF1500000D64A4EB52D65F2846854163B24

Notes:

Henry II (of England) (1133-1189), king of England (1154-1189), first monarch of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet, an important administrative reformer, who was one of the most powerful European rulers of his time.
Born March 5, 1133, at Le Mans, France, Henry became duke of Normandy in 1151. The following year, on the death of his father, he inherited the Angevin territories in France. By his marriage in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry added vast territories in southwestern France to his possessions. Henry claimed the English kingship through his mother, Matilda. She had been designated the heiress of Henry I but had been deprived of the succession by her cousin, Stephen of Blois, who made himself king. In 1153 Henry defeated Stephen's armies in England and compelled the king to choose him as his successor; on Stephen's death, the following year, Henry became king. During the first few years of his reign Henry quelled the disorders that had developed during Stephen's reign, regained the northern counties of England, which had previously been ceded to Scotland, and conquered North Wales. In 1171-1172 he began the Norman conquest of Ireland and in 1174 forced William the Lion, king of the Scots, to recognize him as overlord.
In 1164 Henry became involved in a quarrel with Thomas à Becket, whom he had appointed archbishop of Canterbury. By the Constitutions of Clarendon, the king decreed that priests accused of crimes should be tried in royal courts; Becket claimed that such cases should be handled by ecclesiastical courts, and the controversy that followed ended in 1170 with Becket's murder by four of Henry's knights. Widespread indignation over the murder forced the king to rescind his decree and recognize Becket as a martyr.
Although he failed to subject the church to his courts, Henry's judicial reforms were of lasting significance. In England he established a centralized system of justice accessible to all freemen and administered by judges who traveled around the country at regular intervals. He also began the process of replacing the old trial by ordeal with modern court procedures.
From the beginning of his reign, Henry was involved in conflict with Louis VII, king of France, and later with Louis's successor, Philip II, over the French provinces that Henry claimed. A succession of rebellions against Henry, headed by his sons and furthered by Philip II and by Eleanor of Aquitaine, began in 1173 and continued until his death at Chinon, France, on July 6, 1189. Henry was succeeded by his son Richard I, called Richard the Lion-Hearted.



"Henry II (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Henry II (March 5, 1133 - July 6, 1189), ruled as Duke of Anjou and as King of England (1154-1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. His sobriquets include "Curt Mantle" (because of the practical short cloaks he wore), "Fitz Empress," and sometimes "The Lion of Justice," which had also applied to his grandfather Henry I. He ranks as the first of the Plantagenet or Angevin Kings.
Following the disputed reign of King Stephen, Henry's reign saw efficient consolidation. Henry II has acquired a reputation as one of England's greatest medieval kings.
He was born on March 5, 1133 at Le Mans, to the Empress Maud and her second husband, Geoffrey the Fair, Count of Anjou. Brought up in Anjou, he visited England in 1149 to help his mother in her disputed claim to the English throne.
Prior to coming to the throne he already controlled Normandy and Anjou on the continent; his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152 added her land holdings to his, including vast areas such as Touraine, Aquitaine, and Gascony. He thus effectively became more powerful than the king of France - with an empire (the Angevin Empire) that stretched from the Solway Firth almost to the Mediterranean and from the Somme to the Pyrenees. As king, he would make Ireland a part of his vast domain. He also maintained lively communication with the Emperor of Byzantium Manuel I Comnenus.
In August 1152, Henry, previously occupied in fighting Eleanor's ex-husband Louis VII of France and his allies, rushed back to her, and they spent several months together. Around the end of November 1152 they parted: Henry went to spend some weeks with his mother and then sailed for England, arriving on 6 January 1153. Some historians believe that the couple's first child, William, Count of Poitiers, was born in 1153.
During Stephen's reign the barons had subverted the state of affairs to undermine the monarch's grip on the realm; Henry II saw it as his first task to reverse this shift in power. For example, Henry had castles which the barons had built without authorisation during Stephen's reign torn down, and scutage, a fee paid by vassals in lieu of military service, became by 1159 a central feature of the king's military system. Record-keeping improved dramatically in order to streamline this taxation.
Henry II established courts in various parts of England, and first instituted the royal practice of granting magistrates the power to render legal decisions on a wide range of civil matters in the name of the Crown. His reign saw the production of the first written legal textbook, providing the basis of today's "Common Law".
By the Assize of Clarendon (1166), trial by jury became the norm. Since the Norman Conquest, jury trials had been largely replaced by trial by ordeal and "wager of battel" (which English law did not abolish until 1819). Provision of justice and landed security was futher toughened in 1176 with the Assize of Northampton, a build on the earlier agreements at Clarendon. This reform proved one of Henry's major contributions to the social history of England. As a consequence of the improvements in the legal system, the power of church courts waned. The church, not unnaturally, opposed this, and found its most vehement spokesman in Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, formerly a close friend of Henry's, and his Chancellor. Henry had appointed Becket to the archbishopric precisely because he wanted to avoid conflict.
The conflict with Becket effectively began with a dispute over whether the secular courts could try clergy who had committed a secular offence. Henry attempted to subdue Becket and his fellow churchmen by making them swear to obey the "customs of the realm", but controversy ensued over what constituted these customs, and the church proved reluctant to submit. Following a heated exchange at Henry's court, Becket left England in 1164 for France to solicit in person the support of Pope Alexander III, who was in exile in France due to dissention in the college of Cardinals, and of King Louis VII of France. Due to his own precarious position, Alexander remained neutral in the debate, although Becket remained in exile loosely under the protection of Louis and Pope Alexander until 1170. After a reconciliation between Henry and Thomas in Normandy in 1170, Becket returned to England. Becket again confronted Henry, this time over the coronation of Prince Henry (see below). The much-quoted, although probably apochryphal, words of Henry II echo down the centuries: "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?" Although Henry's violent rants against Becket over the years were well documented, this time four of his knights took their king literally (as he may have intended for them to do, although he later denied it) and travelled immediately to England, where they assassinated Becket in Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170.
As part of his penance for the death of Becket, Henry agreed to send money to the Crusader states in Palestine, which the Knights Hospitaller and the Knights Templar would guard until such time as Henry arrived to make use of it on pilgrimage or crusade. Henry delayed his crusade for many years, and in the end never went at all, despite a visit to him by Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem in 1184 and being offered the crown of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1188 he levied the Saladin tithe to pay for a new crusade; the chronicler Giraldus Cambrensis suggested his death was a divine punishment for the tithe, imposed to raise money for an abortive crusade to recapture Jerusalem, which had fallen to Saladin in 1187.)
Henry's first son, William, Count of Poitiers, had died in infancy. In 1170, Henry and Eleanor's fifteen-year-old son, Henry, was crowned king, but he never actually ruled and does not figure in the list of the monarchs of England; he became known as Henry the Young King to distinguish him from his nephew Henry III of England.
Henry and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, had five sons and three daughters: William, Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John, Matilda, Eleanor, and Joan. Henry's attempts to wrest control of her lands from Eleanor (and from her heir Richard) led to confrontations between Henry on the one side and his wife and legitimate sons on the other.
Henry's notorious liaison with Rosamund Clifford, the "fair Rosamund" of legend, probably began in 1165, during one of his Welsh campaigns, and continued until her death in 1176. However, it was not until 1174, at around the time of his break with Eleanor, that Henry acknowledged Rosamund as his mistress. Almost simultaneously, he began negotiating to divorce Eleanor and marry Alys, daughter of King Louis VII of France and already betrothed to Henry's son, Richard. Henry's affair with Alys continued for some years, and, unlike Rosamund Clifford, Alys allegedly gave birth to one of Henry's illegitimate children.
Henry also had a number of illegitimate children by various women, and Eleanor had several of those children reared in the royal nursery with her own children; some remained members of the household in adulthood. Among them were William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, whose mother was Ida, Countess of Norfolk; Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, son of a woman named Ykenai; Morgan, Bishop of Durham; and Matilda, Abbess of Barking.
Henry II's attempt to divide his titles amongst his sons but keep the power associated with them provoked them into trying to take control of the lands assigned to them (see Revolt of 1173-1174), which amounted to treason, at least in Henry's eyes. Gerald of Wales reports that when King Henry gave the kiss of peace to his son Richard, he said softly, "May the Lord never permit me to die until I have taken due vengeance upon you."
When Henry's legitimate sons rebelled against him, they often had the help of King Louis VII of France. Henry the Young King died in 1183. A horse trampled to death another son, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany (1158-1186). Henry's third son, Richard the Lionheart (1157-1199), with the assistance of Philip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189; Henry died at the Chateau Chinon on July 6, 1189 and lies entombed in Fontevraud Abbey, near Chinon and Saumur in the Anjou Region of present-day France. Henry's illegitimate son Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, also stood by him the whole time and alone among his sons attended on Henry's death-bed.
Richard the Lionheart then became king of England. He was followed by King John, the youngest son of Henry II, laying aside the claims of Geoffrey's children Arthur of Brittany and Eleanor.
Peter of Blois left a description of Henry II in 1177: "...the lord king has been red-haired so far, except that the coming of old age and gray hair has altered that color somewhat. His height is medium, so that neither does he appear great among the small, nor yet does he seem small among the great... curved legs, a horseman's shins, broad chest, and a boxer's arms all announce him as a man strong, agile and bold... he never sits, unless riding a horse or eating... In a single day, if necessary, he can run through four or five day-marches and, thus foiling the plots of his enemies, frequently mocks their plots with surprise sudden arrivals...Always are in his hands bow, sword, spear and arrow, unless he be in council or in books."

!Concubines: 1) Ykenal or Hikenai, 2) ___, 3) ___, 4) Rosamond Clifford. He reigned from 1154-89, the first of the ANGEVIN kings. By marrying Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine in 1152, he acquired vast lands in France. His policy of establishing royal authority in England led to Thomas A. Becket's murder.
Henry made many legal and judicial reforms.

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Micheal Call, Chart 301 - # 2

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Le mans, France.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born 05 Mar 1133

DEATH: Also shown as Died Chinon Castle, France.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Fontevraud Abbey.

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Birth - Date: 05 May 1133 Place: , LeManns, France

Henry married Clifford, Rosamund Joan Unmarried. Rosamund was born Abt 1133, , Clifford, Herefordshire, England; died Abt 1176, , Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; was buried , Godstow, Wolvercott, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry married Concubine 1 Ykenai Hikenai Unmd. Ykenai was born Abt 1131, of, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet]

Henry married Unknown [Concubine 2] Unmd. Unknown was born Abt 1148, of, , , Wales. [Group Sheet]

Henry married Unknown [Concubine 5] Unmd. Unknown was born Abt 1148, of, , , Wales. [Group Sheet]

Henry married De Aquitaine, Queen/England Eleanor 18 May 1152, Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Eleanor (daughter of Poitiers, Duke of Aquitaine William X and de Châtellerault, Aénor) was born 1122, of, Bordeaux, or Aquitaine, France; died 31 Mar 1204, Fontervault, France; was buried , Monastery of, Fontevrault L'Ab, Maine-et-loire, France. [Group Sheet]

Henry married Balliol, Concubine 3 Annabel 18 May 1153, Unmd. Annabel (daughter of Balliol, Barnard and Piquigny, Agnes) was born Abt 1153, , , , England; died 31 Mar 1204. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJB-R6
• _UID: 46E47D5AE6913D47833CBEDE163E025300F7
• _UID: BF9A5A8213D6F04ABB9E15B111571B5E5886

Notes:

SURNAME: Also shown as Shaftesbury

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-JQ
• _UID: 44A47DB353D25C4DB2F041B2986CEE5AC7FA
• _UID: 5BA73ED14FCA3F46B58BB85F169C57314073
• _UID: 9902CC39908F344C9D501F6C09A8507C347A
• Birth: 3 Jun 1134, , Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France

Notes:

Count of Anjou.

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

SUFFIX: Also shown as VI

DEATH: Also shown as Died Nantes, France.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 27 Jul 1157/1158

NICKNAME: Also shown as Mantell

SURNAME: Also shown as Capet

SUFFIX: Also shown as IV

PREFIX: Also shown as Count/Nante

Geoffrey — . Unknown [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-KW
• _UID: 6C4864BBA18CB24CB048E6E06EEDC95232BE
• _UID: C01969138CE4664B953358FD434D779E38B4
• _UID: F6F48842B03BC743BC6E164FA3F0378F91AA
• Baptism: 22 Jul 1136
• Birth: 22 Jul 1136, Argentan, France

Notes:

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

DEATH: Also shown as Died Norte Dame, France.

William — . Unknown [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FTJ-M8
• _UID: 90957589FCB24D4FA2B95C19F4D73AC608A8
• _UID: DE446B49F36BE642A0FC295926D49E1A2CB7

Notes:

his individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
G /PLANTAGENET/ (AFN:8WKK-1D) and // (AFN:9FV0-6W)
G /PLANTAGENET/ (AFN:8WKK-1D) and Matilda M /ENGLAND/ (AFN:9FM0-NL)

or (AFN:9FV0-9F)

Emma married ap Owen, Pr./N.Wales David 1173, of, , , Wales. David was born Abt 1136, of, , , North Wales; died 1204, , Aberconwy, Caernarvonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet]