Other Events:

• AFN: 8XHQ-V8
• _UID: 3D7DB40C93E9594F812E961A23E7DEAA8FB6
• _UID: 56A067C4C868D54596694F96D448A81023CC
• _UID: D6B96EA4AE49844D92E406E6386EAEF4139F
• Death: 7 Aug 1385, Wallingford Cast, Berkshire, England

Notes:

his individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
Edmund P /ENGLAND/ (AFN:8XJD-6J) and Margaret /WAKE/ (AFN:91SP-QJ)

PREFIX: Also shown as Princess/England

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Joan Princess Of Wales

AFN: Merged with a record that used the AFN 8XHR-13

BIRTH: Also shown as Born of, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1334

Joan — Holland, Earl of Kent Thomas. Thomas (son of de Holland, 1st Baron Holand Robert and la Zouche, Maud) was born 1314; died 26 Dec 1360. [Group Sheet]

Joan married Plantagenet, Prince of Wales Edward 10 Oct 1361, not married. Edward (son of Plantagenet, King of England Edward III and Avesnes, Queen consort of England Philippa) was born 15 Jun 1330, Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; died 8 Jun 1376, Westminster, Palace, London, England; was buried 29 Sep 1376, Canterbury, Cathedral, London, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married Windsor, England.

MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married , Windsor, Berkshire, England.

1. Plantagenet, John was born Abt 1355, of, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
2. Plantagenet, Roger was born Abt 1357, of, CLARENDON, Wiltshire, England; died 1402.
3. Plantagenet, Prince Of England Edward was born 27 Jan 1364/1365, , Angouleme, Charente, France; died Jan 1371/1372.
4. Plantagenet, King Of England Richard II was born 6 Jan 1366/1367, Abbayedestandre, Bordeaux, Gironde, France; died 14 Feb 1399/1400, Castle, Pontefract, Yorkshire, England; was buried 1413, Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJD-6J
• _UID: 88013E43337DC043A06D757FFB86B66B6081
• _UID: CE3D0C4C3A380E428AE5CE87D4DDE2A01C4A

Notes:

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Edmund of Woodstock

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Woodstock.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 19 Mar 1329/1330

DEATH: Also shown as Died Winchester.

Edmund married Wake, Baroness of Liddell Margaret Dec 1325. Margaret died 29 Sep 1349. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: 5DBEA74D0EF7404CA0C34F733A23A7450EC0

Other Events:

• AFN: 8WKN-4B
• Title of Nobility: King of England
• _FSFTID: L8MJ-ZLD
• _UID: 708EE7D784960A4FAD7B50272642498E0D92
• _UID: A1E0A18FDD12C040AACDC7752E98FD9BB116
• Baptism: 22 Jun 1239, , Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade. Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.
The first years of Edward's reign were a period of the consolidation of his power. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice and passed legislation allowing feudal barons and the crown to collect revenues from properties willed to the church.
On the refusal of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, ruler of Wales, to submit to the English crown, Edward began the military conflict that resulted, in 1284, in the annexation of Llewelyn's principality to the English crown. In 1290 Edward expelled all Jews from England. War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edward's power in Gascony. Edward lost Gascony in 1293 and did not again come into possession of the duchy until 1303. About the same year in which he lost Gascony, the Welsh rose in rebellion.
Greater than either of these problems was the disaffection of the people of Scotland. In agreeing to arbitrate among the claimants to the Scottish throne, Edward, in 1291, had exacted as a prior condition the recognition by all concerned of his overlordship of Scotland. The Scots later repudiated him and made an alliance with France against England. To meet the critical situations in Wales and Scotland, Edward summoned a parliament, called the Model Parliament by historians because it was a representative body and in that respect was the forerunner of all future parliaments. Assured by Parliament of support at home, Edward took the field and suppressed the Welsh insurrection. In 1296, after invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself king of that realm. In 1298 he again invaded Scotland to suppress the revolt led by Sir William Wallace. In winning the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but he failed to crush Scottish opposition.
The conquest of Scotland became the ruling passion of his life. He was, however, compelled by the nobles, clergy, and commons to desist in his attempts to raise by arbitrary taxes the funds he needed for campaigns. In 1299 Edward made peace with France and married Margaret, sister of King Philip III of France. Thus freed of war, he again undertook the conquest of Scotland in 1303. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305. No sooner had Edward established his government in Scotland, however, than a new revolt broke out and culminated in the coronation of Robert Bruce as king of Scotland. In 1307 Edward set out for the third time to subdue the Scots, but he died en route near Carlisle on July 7, 1307.



"Edward I," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 - July 7, 1307), popularly known as "Longshanks" because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the "Hammer of the Scots" (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, "Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots"), achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who kept Scotland under English domination. He reigned from 1272 to 1307, ascending the throne of England on November 21, 1272 after the death of his father, King Henry III of England.
Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on June 17 or 18, 1239. He married twice; his first marriage - to Eleanor of Castile - produced sixteen children, and her death in 1290 affected Edward deeply. He displayed his grief by erecting the Eleanor crosses, one at each place where her funeral cortege stopped for the night. His second marriage - to Marguerite of France (known as the "Pearl of France" by her English subjects), the daughter of King Philippe III of France (Phillip the Bold) and Maria of Brabant - produced a further three children.
Edward's character greatly contrasted that of his father, who reigned in England throughout Edward's childhood and consistently tended to favour compromise with his opponents. Edward had already shown himself as an ambitious and impatient man, displaying considerable military prowess in defeating Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. He gained a reputation for treating rebels and other foes with great savagery. He relentlessly pursued the surviving members of the de Montfort family, his cousins. In 1270 he travelled to Tunis, intending to fight in the Eighth Crusade alongside Louis IX of France, who died before Edward arrived; Edward instead travelled to Acre, in the Ninth Crusade. While in the Holy Land his father died; Edward arrived back in England in 1274.
One of Edward's early achievements was the conquest of Wales. Under the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery, Llewelyn ap Gruffydd (Meaning 'Like a Lion') had extended Welsh territories southwards into what had been the lands of the English Marcher lords, and gained the title of Prince of Wales although he still owed homage to the English monarch as overlord. Edward refused to recognise the Treaty which had been concluded by his father. In 1275, pirates in Edward's pay intercepted a ship carrying Eleanor de Montfort, Simon de Montfort's only daughter, from France (where her family had lived in exile) to Wales, where she expected to marry Llywelyn the Last, then ruler of the principality The parties' families had arranged the marriage previously, when an alliance with Simon de Montfort still counted politically. However, Llywelyn wanted the marriage largely to antagonise his long-standing enemy, Edward. With the hijacking of the ship, Edward gained possession of Eleanor and imprisoned her at Windsor. After Llywelyn repeatedly refused to pay homage to Edward in 1274-5, Edward raised an army and launched his first campaign against the Welsh prince in 1276-77. After this campaign Llywelyn was forced to pay homage to Edward and was stripped of all but a rump of territory in Gwynedd. But Edward allowed Llywelyn to retain the title of Prince of Wales, and the marriage with Eleanor de Montfort went ahead.
However, Llywelyn's younger brother, Dafydd (who had briefly been an ally of the English) started another rebellion in 1282. Llywelyn died shortly afterwards in a skirmish. Subsequently, Edward destroyed the remnants of resistance, capturing, brutally torturing and executing Dafydd in the following year. To consolidate his conquest, he commenced the construction of a string of massive stone castles encircling the principality, of which Caernarfon Castle provides a notable surviving example. Wales became incorporated into England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 and in 1301 Edward created his eldest son Edward Prince of Wales, since which time the eldest son of each English monarch has borne the same title.
To finance his war to conquer Wales, Edward I taxed the Jewish moneylenders. However, the cost of Edward's ambitions soon drained the money-lenders dry. Anti-Semitism, a long-existing attitude, increased substantially, and when the Jews could no longer pay, the state accused them of disloyalty. Already restricted to a limited number of occupations, the Jews saw Edward abolish their right to lend money. After the manner of racism, anti-semitic feeling grew, until the King decreed the Jews a threat to the country and restricted their movements and activities. Edward decreed that all Jews must wear a yellow patch in the shape of a star attached to their outer clothing to identify them in public, an idea Adolf Hitler would echo 650 years later (compare Star of David, Yellow badge).
In the course of King Edward's persecution of the Jews, he arrested all the heads of Jewish households. The authorities took over 300 of them to the Tower of London and executed them, while killing others in their homes. Finally, in 1290, the King banished all Jews from the country.
Edward then turned his attentions to Scotland and on May 10, 1291 Scottish nobles recognised the authority of Edward I. He had planned to marry off his son to the child queen, Margaret of Scotland (Called 'The Maid of Norway') but when Margaret died the Scottish nobles agreed to have Edward select her successor from the various claimants to the throne, and he chose John Balliol over other candidates. Edward was anxious to impose his overlordship on Scotland and hoped that John Balliol would prove the most biddable candidate. Indeed, Edward summoned John Balliol to do homage to him in Westminster in 1293 and made it clear he expected John's military and financial support against France. But this was too much for Balliol, who concluded a pact with France and prepared an army to invade England.
Edward gathered his largest army yet and razed Berwick, massacring its inhabitants, proceeding to Dunbar and Edinburgh. The Stone of Destiny was removed from Scone Palace and taken to Westminster Abbey. Until 1996, it formed the seat on King Edward's Chair, on which all English monarchs since 1308 have been crowned, with the exception of Mary I. In 1996, the stone was returned to Scotland, to return only during royal coronations. Balliol renounced the crown and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for three years before withdrawing to his estates in France. All freeholders in Scotland were required to swear an oath of homage to Edward, and he ruled Scotland like a province through English Viceroys.
Opposition sprang up (see Wars of Scottish Independence), and Edward executed the focus of discontent, William Wallace, on August 23, 1305, having earlier defeated him at the Battle of Falkirk (1298). His plan to unite the two countries never came to fruition in his era, and he died in 1307 at Burgh by Sands, Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots, energized by Wallace's martyrdom and under the leadership of Robert the Bruce. Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey. His son, King Edward II of England, succeeded him.
King Edward I is villainously depicted in the film Braveheart.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Edward I King Of

SUFFIX: Also shown as [Longshank]

DEATH: Also shown as Died Near Carlisle.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Westminster Abbe, London, England.

Edward married Capet, reine consort d'Angleterre Marguerite 10 Sep 1299, Canterbury Cathe, Kent, England. Marguerite (daughter of Capet, Philippe III) was born 1279, of, Paris, Seine, France; died 14 Feb 1317, Marlborough Cast, Wiltshire, England; was buried , Grey Friars, Church, London, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJD-46
• _UID: 4928C54AAD29A649AE7D274FF578DA88B524
• _UID: C2347AB9F618624182009ED12E23D3F7E681

Notes:

GEN: See Historical Document.

PREFIX: Also shown as Queen/Eng

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Paris.

DEATH: Also shown as Died Marlborough, Castle.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Grey Friars, London, Middlesex, England.

Notes:

MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married Canterbury, Cathedral.

MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married 08 Sep 1299

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ5-ZJ
• _UID: A7B3D5FDB06434438C2AAA1BB7368B86307E
• _UID: BA7CF2F71A93B949824D365703EB700088CE
• _UID: C087CBB9D2598A4791DA1947C9E7406DEF33
• Birth: 10 Oct 1207, Winchester, Hampshire, England

Notes:

Henry III (of England) (1207-1272), king of England (1216-1272), son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued.
Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.



"Henry III (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Henry III (October 1, 1207 - November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. He was also the first child monarch in English royal history.
He was born in 1207, the son of King John of England and Isabella of Angouleme. According to Nicholas Trevet, Henry was a thickset man of medium height, with a narrow forehead and a drooping left eyelid (inherited by his son, Edward I).
On John's death, Henry, aged nine, was hastily crowned in Gloucester, as the barons who had been supporting the invasion of Prince Louis of France in order to ensure John's deposition quickly saw the young prince as a safer option. Henry's regents immediately declared their intention to rule by Magna Carta which they did during Henry's minority. Magna Carta was reissued in 1217 as a sign of goodwill to the barons. The country was ruled by regents until 1227.
When Henry reached majority, however, he was keen to restore royal authority, looking towards the autocratic model of the French monarchy. Henry married Eleanor of Provence and he promoted many of his French relatives to power and wealth. For instance, one Poitevin, Peter des Riveaux, held the offices of treasurer of the household, keeper of the king's wardrobe, keeper of the privy seal, and the sheriffdoms of twenty-one English counties simultaneously. Henry's tendency to govern for long periods with no publicly appointed ministers who could be held accountable for their actions and decisions did not make matters any easier. Many English barons came to see his method of governing as foreign.
Henry himself, on the other hand, was much taken with the cult of the Anglo-Saxon saint king Edward the Confessor who had been canonized in 1161. Told that St Edward dressed austerely, Henry took to doing the same and wearing only the simplest of robes. He had a mural of the saint painted in his bedchamber for inspiration before and after sleep, and, of course, he named his eldest son after him. Henry designated Westminster, where St Edward had founded the abbey, as the fixed seat of power in England and Westminster Hall duly became the greatest ceremonial space of the kingdom, where the council of nobles also met. Henry appointed French architects from Rheims for the renovation of Westminster Abbey in Gothic style, and work began at great expense in 1245. The centrepiece of Henry's renovated Westminster Abbey was to be a shrine to the confessor king, Edward.
Henry was extremely pious, and his journeys were often delayed by his insistance on hearing Mass several times a day. He took so long to arrive on a visit to the French court that his brother-in-law, King Louis IX of France, banned priests from Henry's route. On one occasion, as related by Roger of Wendover, when King Henry met with papal prelates, he said, "If [the prelates] knew how much I, in my reverence of God, am afraid of them and how unwilling I am to offend them, they would trample on me as on an old and worn-out shoe."
Henry's advancement of foreign favorites, notably his wife's Savoyard uncles and his own Lusignan half-siblings, was unpopular among his subjects and barons. He was also extravagant and avaricious; when his first child, Prince Edward was born, Henry demanded the Londoners bring him rich gifts to celebrate, and even sent back gifts that did not please him. Matthew Paris reports that some said, "God gave us this child, but the king sells him to us."
Henry's reign came to be marked by civil strife, as the English barons led by de Montfort demanded more say in the running of the kingdom. French-born Simon de Montfort had originally been one of the foreign upstarts so loathed by many as Henry's foreign councillors; after he married Henry's sister Eleanor without consulting Henry, a feud developed between the two. Their relationship reached a crisis in the 1250s when de Montfort was put on trial for actions he took as lieutenant of Gascony, the last remaining Plantagenet land across the English Channel.
Henry also became embroiled in funding a war in Sicily on behalf of the Pope in return for a title for his second son Edmund, a state of affairs which made many barons fearful that Henry was following in the footsteps of his father and needed to be keeped in check, just as King John had. De Montfort became leader of those who wanted to reassert Magna Carta and force the king to surrender more power to the baronial council. In 1258 seven leading barons forced Henry to agree to the Provisions of Oxford which effectively abolished the absolutist Anglo-Norman monarchy, giving power to a council of fifteen barons to deal with the business of government and providing for a three yearly meeting of parliament to monitor their performance.
Henry was forced to take part in the swearing of a collective oath to the Provisions of Oxford. In the following years, those supporting de Montfort and those supporting the king grew more and more polarised; Henry obtained a papal bull in 1261 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies, the Royalists under Edward Longshanks, Henry's eldest son. Civil War (known as the Second Barons' War) followed.
The charismatic de Montfort and his forces had captured most of southeastern England by 1263 and at the Battle of Lewes on May 14, 1264, Henry was defeated and taken prisoner by de Montfort's army. While Henry was reduced to a figurehead king, de Montfort broadened representation to include each county of England and many important towns - i.e. to groups beyond the nobility. Henry and Edward continued under house arrest. The short period which followed was the closest England was to come to complete abolition of the monarchy until the Commonwealth period of 1649-1660, and many of the barons who had initially supported de Montfort began to suspect that he had gone too far with his reforming zeal.
But only fifteen months later Edward Longshanks had escaped captivity to lead the royalists into battle again, and turned the tables on de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Following this victory savage retribution was exacted on the rebels.
Henry's shrine to Edward the Confessor was finally finished in 1269 and the saint's relics were installed. From about 1270, Henry effectively gave up the reins of government to his son. He died in 1272 and his body was lain temporarily in the tomb of the Confessor while his own sarcophagus was constructed in Westminster Abbey.
Henry was succeded by his son, Edward I of England.
In the Divine Comedy Dante sees Henry ("the king of simple life") sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with other contemporary European rulers.
Marriage and children
Married on January 14, 1236, Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England to Eleanor of Provence, with at least five children born:
1. Edward I (1239-1307)
2. Margaret (1240-1275), married King Alexander III of Scotland
3. Beatrice (1242-1275), married to John II, Duke of Brittany
4. Edmund Crouchback (1245-1296)
5. Katharine (1253-1257)
Note: there is reason to doubt the existence of several attributed children of Henry and Eleanor. Richard, John, and Henry are known only from a 14th century additions made to a manuscript of Flores historiarum, and are nowhere contemporaneously recorded. William is an error for the nephew of Henry's half-brother, William de Valence. Another daughter, Matilda, is found only in the Hayles abbey chronicle, alongside such other fictitious children as a son named William for King John, and a bastard son named John for King Edward I. Matilda's existence is doubtful, at best. For further details, see Margaret Howell's The Children of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence (1992).

!or born 1 Oct 1206

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Micheal Call, Chart 201 - # 8

GEN: See Historical Document.

DEATH: Also shown as Died Westminster, London, Middlesex, England.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England.

Henry married de Provence, Queen of England Eleanor of Provence 4 Jan 1236, Canterbury, Cathedral. Eleanor (daughter of Berengue, Count of Provence Ramón IV and de Savoy, Beatrice) was born 1217, Aix-en-Provence, France; died 24 Jun 1291, Amesbury, United Kingdom; was buried , Convent Church, Amesbury. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: C8770630D9A5FA429BECF0B93876CCA37C9C
• _UID: DA28002F30EE1F4B89E15D2D9CFB70F6AA63

Notes:

GEN: See Historical Document.

SURNAME: Also shown as Berenger

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Elanore of Provence

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Aix-en-Provence.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born 1223

DEATH: Also shown as Died Amesbury, Wiltshire.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 26 Jun 1291

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Amesbury Abbey.

Other Events:

• _UID: 5F3EE37554258D4389E20F585E4214AC70EB