Other Events:

• _UID: 2B76218DAF5D6948832FB92F3EEF235F5572

Notes:

Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill), the son of Donald II of Scotland, became the King of Scotland in 942 or 943 after his cousin King Constantine II of Scotland abdicated and became a monk.
Malcolm was a prince of great abilities and prudence, and Edmund I of England courted his alliance by ceding Cumbria, the consisting of Cumberland and part of Westmorland, to him, in the year 945, on condition that he would defend that northern county, and become an ally of Edmund. This, therefore, required Scotland to send military support if England was attacked by either the Danes of Northumbria or the Norwegians of Ireland. The alliance between England and Scotland remained after the death of both kings.
Edred of England, the brother and successor of Edmund, accordingly applied for, and obtained, the aid of Malcolm against Anlaf, king of Northumberland, whose country, according to the barbarous practice of the times, he wasted, and carried off the people with their cattle.
Later, when Norsemen again invaded the land, the Scots sent raids against the English and, in 954, Edred reunited the northern counties to his dominions.
In this same year, after putting down an insurrection of the Moray-men under Cellach, their Maormor (chief), whom he killed, Malcolm was slain, probably at Ulurn or Auldearn in Moray, by one of these men, in revenge for the death of his chief. He was buried on the Isle of Iona.
At some point in his life, he married. But as was the case with many monarchs in this period, the details are no longer known. A son from this marriage would later succeed to the throne as Kenneth II of Scotland.

Máel — . [Group Sheet]

1. mac Maíl Choluim, Rí Alban Dub died 967, Forres.
2. mac Maíl Choluim, Rí Alban Cináed was born Bef 954; died 995, Fettercairn.

Other Events:

• _UID: EC85700CE6A9904F80A04F9845E104DD6987

Notes:

Donald II of Scotland (Domnall mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 889 to 900. He was the son of King Constantine I and first cousin of the previous king Eochaid and of his successor Constantine II.
Donald took the throne of Scotland in battle as an act of revenge. King Giric of Scotland (who ruled jointly with Donald's predecessor, Eochaid) had murdered Donald's uncle, Aedh, in 878. Upon Giric's death, Donald expelled Eochaid from the country, thereby taking rulership of Scotland for himself.
It was under the rule of King Donald II that the British kingdom of Strathclyde came under Scottish dominance to create the Kingdom of Alba, thus being recognized in the Annals of Ulster as "ri Alban" as opposed to "rex Pixtorum," as his predecessors had been known. His reign coincided with renewed invasions by the Danes, who came less to plunder and more to occupy the lands bordering Scotland and the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The Danish had conquered all of northern Scotland through the leadership of 'Sigurd the Mighty'. Donald was also embroiled in efforts to reduce the Highland robber tribes.
Details of his death are obscure and uncertain. By one account he was slain at Dunnottar while meeting a Danish invasion; by another he died of infirmity brought on by his campaigns against the Highlanders, a natural death that is very uncommon in this period. He was buried on the Isle of Iona, the historic resting place of all Dalriadan and early Scottish kings. He was succeeded by his cousin Constantine II. His son, Malcolm, later became King Malcolm I of Scotland.

Other Events:

• _UID: CAC12DBB82D01E43B18448F4B90F1D9915EF

Notes:

Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (836-877), son of King Kenneth I of Scotland, became King of the Scots and the Picts in 863 when he succeeded his uncle Donald I.
Constantine was a warrior king. During his reign he spent most of his days fighting off the Vikings or trying to expand his kingdom into the south. In 872 his assassination of 'Rhun' (Arthgal), King of Strathclyde, and his brother-in-law, meant that the southern regions of what is now Scotland, became a part of his own Alba.
The year 864 saw the rampage of the Norsemen led by Olaf the White from Dublin. Swiftly defeated by Constantine, the Norsemen relaxed their threats on him until Thorsten the Red led them, but he too was defeated successfully by King Constantine.
Although usually confident in battle, Constantine often resorted to tactics of bribery and payoffs to his rivals in order to keep the peace. This form of peace-keeping was later employed by the English Royals, namely King Ethelred the Unready in the year 1000. In the end though, Constantine was finally defeated by the Norsemen, when a raiding party known as the 'Black Strangers' from Dublin made a base for themselves in Fife from which they launched their attacks. It was during one of these attacks that Constantine met his match.
He was killed in battle against the Vikings in 877 at the "Black Cave" (Inverdovat) in Forgan, Fife. His successor was his brother Aedh. He had a son, Donald, who became King Donald II of Scotland following the joint reign of Kings Eochaid and Giric.

Causantín — Griogair, Sabhdh ingen. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: B115CD9406BAA04FB95D73E565A9A63A32E5

Other Events:

• Title of Nobility: King of the Picts and the Scots MacAlpin
• _FSFTID: 945X-GGQ
• _UID: 54021F2B45849D41AE23410153E638F9C4E9
• _UID: C26ED1BDD63A804583F5971AA2445E18188B
• Title of Nobility: 842, Iona, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, United Kingdom; King of Scotland
• Death: 6 Feb 860, Fortevoit, Perth, Scotland, Great Britain

Notes:

son of Alpin king of Dal Riata

Kenneth I the Hardy (The Conqueror) (c. 810 - 858; Kenneth mac Alpin) succeeded his father, Alpin II, to the throne of Dalriada. He soon obtained the Pictish throne in 843 and became the first king to rule the Picts of Pictavia and the Scots of Dalriada. It is possible that intermarriage with the Picts helped secure Kenneth's throne. The joint kingdom was known as Alba from the Gaelic name for the area. He was the first king of the House of Alpin.
Recalling the peculiarity of a matrilineal succession which governed Pictish crowns, it is evident that Kenneth Mac Alpin grounded his claims to the Pictish crown from his mother's bloodlines. In 839, the Picts suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Vikings. The Norsemen had conquered and settled Shetland, the Outer Hebrides and as far south as the mouth of the Clyde. Caithness, Sutherland and even Dalriada were being attacked and harassed by the long boats. The brutalizing defeat at the hands of the Vikings in 839 killed most of the Pictish nobility, including the King of Picts and Scots Uven Mac Angus II, his brother Bran, and "numberless others". This opened Mac Alpin's claim to the vacant Pictish throne (via his mother who was a Pictish princess). The Pictish kingdoms had been severely weakened by attacks from the Vikings and were in no condition to dispute his claim.
His claim to the crown of Dalriada came from his father, who was a member of clan Gabhran, which had produced most Scottish kings, such as his ancestors King Eachaidh, King Alpin Mac Eachaidh, King Aed, and King Fergus. His Pictish mother was descended from the royal house of Fortrenn, and his great-grand uncle, Alpin Mac Eachaidh had actually reigned as King of Picts until deposed by Oengus I. It is thus that Kenneth Mac Alpin was one of several nobles with a claim to the crown of Picts and Scots.
The sources for facts of how Kenneth Mac Alpin, the avenging son of the slain Alpin, became King of Picts and Scots are few and suspect. Two such sources, The Prophecy of St. Berchan, and De Instructione Principus note that in 841 Mac Alpin attacked the remnants of the Pictish army and defeated them (he is lauded as "the raven feeder"). Mac Alpin then invites the Pictish king, Drust IX, and the remaining Pictish nobles to Scone, Perthshire to perhaps settle the issue of Dalriada's freedom or MacAlpin's claim to the Dalriadic crown. Faced with a recently victorious MacAlpin in the south and a devastated army in the north, Drust, as well as all claimants to the Pictish throne from the seven royal houses attend this meeting at Scone. Legend has it that the Scots came secretly armed to Scone, where Drust and the Pictish nobles were killed. This event has come to be known as MacAlpin's Treason.
Although their king and royal houses had been murdered and their armies wiped out in the north by the Vikings and decimated in the south by the Scots, the Picts nonetheless resist Scottish domination and as late as the 12th year of MacAlpin's reign The Chronicle of Huntington tells us that Mac Alpin "fought successfully against the Picts seven times in one day" (perhaps wiping out the last remnants of an independent Pictish armed force).
By the year 843, he had created a semblance of unity among the warring societies of the Picts, Scots, Britons, and Angles after he had defeated the Picts in battle. MacAlpin created his capital at Forteviot, also called Scone, in Pictish territory. He then moved his religious center to Dunkeld on the River Tay in present-day Perthshire, to where he transferred the remains of St. Columba from the Isle of Iona.
At roughly the same time that the people of Wales were separated from the invading Saxons by the artificial boundary of Offa's Dyke, MacAlpin was creating a kingdom of Scotland. MacAlpin's successes in part were due to the threat coming from the raids of the Vikings, many of whom became settlers. The seizure of control over all Norway in 872 by Harald Fairhair caused many of the previously independent Jarls to look for new lands to establish themselves.
One result of the coming of the Norsemen and Danes, with their command of the sea, was that the kingdom of Scotland became surrounded and isolated. The old link with Ireland was broken, the country was now cut off from southern England and the Continent, thus, the kingdom of Alba established by MacAlpin was thrown in upon itself and united against a common foe. According to the Huntingdon Chronicle, he "was the first of the Scots to obtain the monarchy of the whole of Albania, which is now called Scotia."
Kenneth is thought to have died of a tumor after reigning for sixteen years. He died at Forteviot in 858 and was buried on the Isle of Iona. His brother, Donald I, succeeded him, as was the custom.
Throughout this whole period, the dominion of the Scottish kings was essentially limited to Fortrenn, the Mearns and Dalriada, as the rest of the Pictish lands were under the yoke of the Vikings. Nonetheless, within a few generations, the Pictish language is forgotten, the Pictish Church taken over by the Scottish Columban Church and most vestiges of Pictish culture assimilated.
Furthermore, the seat of Kings is eventually moved to Scone, sacred heart of the Pictish land, and the sons of Mac Alpin accept the crown over the land of Picts and Scots seated on a slab of stone which Scottish myth tells us was carried by the Celtic tribes since their origins in Spain, brought to Tara in Ireland, built into the wall of Dunstaffnage Castle and then brought to Scone.

Correct name was Cennth, but aw kown as" Kinneth MacAlpin"or "Kenneth MacAlpine".

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 Traditionally, the founder and first King of Scotland. About 834 he succeeded his father at first in Galloway as king of the Gaelic Scots and seven years later in a series of battles (841-846) he defeated the Pictish Kingdom. This led to a united kingdom of the Scots and Picts, known as Alban or Scotland since the kingdom is sometimes called Scone, after Kenneth's capital.
His rule over the united kingdom lasted sixteen years, being succeeded by that of his brother Donald, who reigned for three years. Kenneth I moved to the chief seat of the kingdom from Argyll and Dalriada to Scone, while the chief ecclesiastical center was a Dunkeld, where he built a church to which he removed the relics of St. Columba. From these centers the Scottish monarchy gradually expanded. In later years, the king led six invasions of Lothian, southern Scotland, and then part of Saxon Northumbria.

SURNAME: Also shown as MacAlpin

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Kenneth I

BIRTH: Also shown as Born , , Scotland, Great Britain.