Other Events:

• AFN: 9FNZ-HT
• _UID: CE0514675E0E014BA5927845741190A8B747

Other Events:

• AFN: 9FNX-Z4
• _UID: 4030386CEBB78F40A9CEA9533702C5D3C9D1
• _UID: C69341A776E7204E9D7F4A7612D3EBE39B5E

Notes:

SEE #3137 on SPENCER.

PREFIX: Also shown as Sir

Hugh married de Bohun, Margaret 11 Aug 1325. Margaret (daughter of De Bohun, Earl/Essex Humphrey IX and Plantagenet, Princess of England Elizabeth) was born 3 Apr 1311, Caldecot, Northampton, England; died 16 Dec 1391, Exeter Cathedral; was buried , Cathedral, Exeter, Devonshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ1-9J
• _UID: 764D5AE609759840998FA9EEB4397E991C7D
• _UID: F074E9B5799F5E45BE3873E9184D567F497E

Notes:

GEN: See Historical Document.

This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
Humphrey /DE BOHUN/ (AFN:HK9F-DG) and Princess /ELIZABETH/ (AFN:HK9F-FM) !of Devon, England.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born of, Caldecote, Northamptonshire, England.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Exeter Cathedral.

Other Events:

• _UID: 4E6414CD71EFA24096A1DB21789005CEE3A8

Hugh married St. John, Agnes 1292. Agnes was born 1279, Basing, England; died 11 Jun 1345, Exeter, Devonshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: 614CDF2B5399A94C93D10D65ABAC764E8922

Other Events:

• AFN: 84ZR-LS
• _UID: 043C84391010F8409E66960BCA785456E644
• _UID: 970A71F6833EEA418001FDFD42B7FCE347DB
• _UID: E8BF8EB2FCB4EA41986B1AC7D93F1077455C

Notes:

4th Earl of Hereford and Essex

Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (1276 - March 16, 1322) was a member of an important Norman family of the Welsh Marches. His father was Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and his mother was Maud de Fiennes, daughter of Enguerrand II de Fiennes. He was born at Pleshey Castle located in Essex, England. The castle is nothing more than an earthwork ruin now.
He succeeded his father to the titles of Earl of Hereford and Baron de Bohun. Humphrey held the title of "Bearer of the Swan Badge". He married Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, daughter of King Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile, on November 14, 1302, at Westminster. She gave him 10 children:
1. Margaret de Bohun (September 1303-1305)
2. Eleanor de Bohun (October 1304), married James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde and Thomas, Lord Dagworth.
3. Humphrey de Bohun (1305-died young)
4. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (November 23, 1306-1335)
5. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (December 6 1309-1361)
6. Margaret de Bohun (April 3, 1311-1391), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon
7. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312-1360). Twin of Edward.
8. Edward de Bohun (1312-1334). Twin of William.
9. Eneas de Bohun, died after 1322, when he's mentioned in his father's will.
10. Isabel de Bohun (May 5, 1316). Elizabeth died in childbirth, and this child died a few days afterwards.
At the battle of Bannockburn, he charged alone at Robert the Bruce, only to be felled and held for ransom for the Bruce's wife. In this battle his nephew Henry de Bohun was also killed by Bruce. Humphrey was killed while fighting Andrew de Harclay, at the Battle of Boroughbridge in a particularly gory manner. As recounted in The Greatest Traitor by Ian Mortimer, page 124:
"[The 4th Earl of] Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."

his individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File:
Humphrey /DE BOHUN/ (AFN:HK72-SS) and Maud /DE FIENNES/ (AFN:HK72-T0)

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 Earl of Hereford and Essex.

SUFFIX: Also shown as VIII

DEATH: Also shown as Died Borughbridge, York, Yorkshir, England (In Battle).

DEATH: Also shown as Died 16 Mar 1321/1322

PREFIX: Also shown as Earl of Hereford

Humphrey married Plantagenet, Princess of England Elizabeth 14 Nov 1302, Westminster. Elizabeth (daughter of Plantagenet, King of England Edward I and Ivrea, Queen of England Eleanor) was born 7 Aug 1282, Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales; died 5 May 1316, Quendon, Essex, England; was buried 23 May 1316, Walden Abbey, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 84ZR-M0
• _FSFTID: L8MJ-ZLV
• _UID: 35BCE17D9778314CABB8D12EE3BA27707171
• _UID: 98DBBF34E6B6134E92A687169B79FEF640FC
• _UID: F792968BD2B5894F9C8850B4E4954B07FCE9

Notes:

GEN: See Historical Document.

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Rhuddlan Castle, Flint, Wales.

Notes:

MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married Westminster, London, England.

Other Events:

• AFN: 91QQ-V5
• _UID: 711810C67BD4C74C88DDF59F91F825C12913
• _UID: AC1FDA7F6DA337419588EF397F8E61A908A4

Notes:

Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Baron de Bohun and 3rd Earl of Hereford (1249 - December 31, 1297) was one of several noblemen of the same name to have held the earldom of Hereford, and a key figure in the Norman conquest of Wales.
He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford and 6th Baron de Bohun, by Alianore De Braos, a daughter of William de Braos and Eve Marshall. An older son, also named Humphrey, predeceased his father, who died in 1275. The 3rd Earl was also the 2nd Earl of Essex, and held the positions of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Constable of all England.
Humphrey de Bohun took part in Roger Mortimer's war against the Welsh, and was present at the defeat at Cefnllys in November, 1262, by Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. He died at Pleshy Castle, in Essex.

SUFFIX: Also shown as VII

DEATH: Also shown as Died 31 Dec 1298

Humphrey married De Fiennes, Maud 1275. Maud was born Abt 1252, of, Essex, England; was buried , Walden, Essex, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 91QQ-WB
• _UID: 8D77BB4CE04D3F43B6D988B44AB35670482F

Other Events:

• AFN: 8WKN-4B
• Title of Nobility: King of England
• _FSFTID: L8MJ-ZLD
• _UID: 708EE7D784960A4FAD7B50272642498E0D92
• _UID: A1E0A18FDD12C040AACDC7752E98FD9BB116
• Baptism: 22 Jun 1239, , Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade. Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.
The first years of Edward's reign were a period of the consolidation of his power. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice and passed legislation allowing feudal barons and the crown to collect revenues from properties willed to the church.
On the refusal of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, ruler of Wales, to submit to the English crown, Edward began the military conflict that resulted, in 1284, in the annexation of Llewelyn's principality to the English crown. In 1290 Edward expelled all Jews from England. War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edward's power in Gascony. Edward lost Gascony in 1293 and did not again come into possession of the duchy until 1303. About the same year in which he lost Gascony, the Welsh rose in rebellion.
Greater than either of these problems was the disaffection of the people of Scotland. In agreeing to arbitrate among the claimants to the Scottish throne, Edward, in 1291, had exacted as a prior condition the recognition by all concerned of his overlordship of Scotland. The Scots later repudiated him and made an alliance with France against England. To meet the critical situations in Wales and Scotland, Edward summoned a parliament, called the Model Parliament by historians because it was a representative body and in that respect was the forerunner of all future parliaments. Assured by Parliament of support at home, Edward took the field and suppressed the Welsh insurrection. In 1296, after invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself king of that realm. In 1298 he again invaded Scotland to suppress the revolt led by Sir William Wallace. In winning the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but he failed to crush Scottish opposition.
The conquest of Scotland became the ruling passion of his life. He was, however, compelled by the nobles, clergy, and commons to desist in his attempts to raise by arbitrary taxes the funds he needed for campaigns. In 1299 Edward made peace with France and married Margaret, sister of King Philip III of France. Thus freed of war, he again undertook the conquest of Scotland in 1303. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305. No sooner had Edward established his government in Scotland, however, than a new revolt broke out and culminated in the coronation of Robert Bruce as king of Scotland. In 1307 Edward set out for the third time to subdue the Scots, but he died en route near Carlisle on July 7, 1307.



"Edward I," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 - July 7, 1307), popularly known as "Longshanks" because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the "Hammer of the Scots" (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, "Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots"), achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who kept Scotland under English domination. He reigned from 1272 to 1307, ascending the throne of England on November 21, 1272 after the death of his father, King Henry III of England.
Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on June 17 or 18, 1239. He married twice; his first marriage - to Eleanor of Castile - produced sixteen children, and her death in 1290 affected Edward deeply. He displayed his grief by erecting the Eleanor crosses, one at each place where her funeral cortege stopped for the night. His second marriage - to Marguerite of France (known as the "Pearl of France" by her English subjects), the daughter of King Philippe III of France (Phillip the Bold) and Maria of Brabant - produced a further three children.
Edward's character greatly contrasted that of his father, who reigned in England throughout Edward's childhood and consistently tended to favour compromise with his opponents. Edward had already shown himself as an ambitious and impatient man, displaying considerable military prowess in defeating Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. He gained a reputation for treating rebels and other foes with great savagery. He relentlessly pursued the surviving members of the de Montfort family, his cousins. In 1270 he travelled to Tunis, intending to fight in the Eighth Crusade alongside Louis IX of France, who died before Edward arrived; Edward instead travelled to Acre, in the Ninth Crusade. While in the Holy Land his father died; Edward arrived back in England in 1274.
One of Edward's early achievements was the conquest of Wales. Under the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery, Llewelyn ap Gruffydd (Meaning 'Like a Lion') had extended Welsh territories southwards into what had been the lands of the English Marcher lords, and gained the title of Prince of Wales although he still owed homage to the English monarch as overlord. Edward refused to recognise the Treaty which had been concluded by his father. In 1275, pirates in Edward's pay intercepted a ship carrying Eleanor de Montfort, Simon de Montfort's only daughter, from France (where her family had lived in exile) to Wales, where she expected to marry Llywelyn the Last, then ruler of the principality The parties' families had arranged the marriage previously, when an alliance with Simon de Montfort still counted politically. However, Llywelyn wanted the marriage largely to antagonise his long-standing enemy, Edward. With the hijacking of the ship, Edward gained possession of Eleanor and imprisoned her at Windsor. After Llywelyn repeatedly refused to pay homage to Edward in 1274-5, Edward raised an army and launched his first campaign against the Welsh prince in 1276-77. After this campaign Llywelyn was forced to pay homage to Edward and was stripped of all but a rump of territory in Gwynedd. But Edward allowed Llywelyn to retain the title of Prince of Wales, and the marriage with Eleanor de Montfort went ahead.
However, Llywelyn's younger brother, Dafydd (who had briefly been an ally of the English) started another rebellion in 1282. Llywelyn died shortly afterwards in a skirmish. Subsequently, Edward destroyed the remnants of resistance, capturing, brutally torturing and executing Dafydd in the following year. To consolidate his conquest, he commenced the construction of a string of massive stone castles encircling the principality, of which Caernarfon Castle provides a notable surviving example. Wales became incorporated into England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 and in 1301 Edward created his eldest son Edward Prince of Wales, since which time the eldest son of each English monarch has borne the same title.
To finance his war to conquer Wales, Edward I taxed the Jewish moneylenders. However, the cost of Edward's ambitions soon drained the money-lenders dry. Anti-Semitism, a long-existing attitude, increased substantially, and when the Jews could no longer pay, the state accused them of disloyalty. Already restricted to a limited number of occupations, the Jews saw Edward abolish their right to lend money. After the manner of racism, anti-semitic feeling grew, until the King decreed the Jews a threat to the country and restricted their movements and activities. Edward decreed that all Jews must wear a yellow patch in the shape of a star attached to their outer clothing to identify them in public, an idea Adolf Hitler would echo 650 years later (compare Star of David, Yellow badge).
In the course of King Edward's persecution of the Jews, he arrested all the heads of Jewish households. The authorities took over 300 of them to the Tower of London and executed them, while killing others in their homes. Finally, in 1290, the King banished all Jews from the country.
Edward then turned his attentions to Scotland and on May 10, 1291 Scottish nobles recognised the authority of Edward I. He had planned to marry off his son to the child queen, Margaret of Scotland (Called 'The Maid of Norway') but when Margaret died the Scottish nobles agreed to have Edward select her successor from the various claimants to the throne, and he chose John Balliol over other candidates. Edward was anxious to impose his overlordship on Scotland and hoped that John Balliol would prove the most biddable candidate. Indeed, Edward summoned John Balliol to do homage to him in Westminster in 1293 and made it clear he expected John's military and financial support against France. But this was too much for Balliol, who concluded a pact with France and prepared an army to invade England.
Edward gathered his largest army yet and razed Berwick, massacring its inhabitants, proceeding to Dunbar and Edinburgh. The Stone of Destiny was removed from Scone Palace and taken to Westminster Abbey. Until 1996, it formed the seat on King Edward's Chair, on which all English monarchs since 1308 have been crowned, with the exception of Mary I. In 1996, the stone was returned to Scotland, to return only during royal coronations. Balliol renounced the crown and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for three years before withdrawing to his estates in France. All freeholders in Scotland were required to swear an oath of homage to Edward, and he ruled Scotland like a province through English Viceroys.
Opposition sprang up (see Wars of Scottish Independence), and Edward executed the focus of discontent, William Wallace, on August 23, 1305, having earlier defeated him at the Battle of Falkirk (1298). His plan to unite the two countries never came to fruition in his era, and he died in 1307 at Burgh by Sands, Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots, energized by Wallace's martyrdom and under the leadership of Robert the Bruce. Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey. His son, King Edward II of England, succeeded him.
King Edward I is villainously depicted in the film Braveheart.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Edward I King Of

SUFFIX: Also shown as [Longshank]

DEATH: Also shown as Died Near Carlisle.

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Westminster Abbe, London, England.

Edward married Ivrea, Queen of England Eleanor 18 Oct 1254, Burgos, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain. Eleanor (daughter of Ivrea, King of Castile Ferdinand III and De Dammartin, Countess of Ponthieu Joana, daughter of Castile, King Of Caslte Ferdinand III and De Dammartin, Queen/Castile Joana) was born 1244, of, Burgos, Castile, Spain; died 24 Nov 1290, , Herdeby, Lincolnshire, England; was buried 16 Dec 1290, Westminster, Abbey, London, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8XJ8-HJ
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• _FSFTID: L8MJ-ZL1
• _UID: 2F90A6D43831A6438488BDD0EA98FE0AAE96
• _UID: 4DC26152915E24409CA7CA0F73DE8FC1D2E1

Notes:

Eleanor of Castile (1241 - 28 November 1290) was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. Eleanor was born in Castile, Spain, the daughter of Fernando III, King of Castile and Leon and his second wife, Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu. Her given name was Leonor (she was called Eleanor in England). Her birthdate is not certainly known, but it is known that she was the second of the three children born to Fernando and Jeanne. Her elder brother Fernando was born 1239/40 and her younger brother Luis was born 1242/43. For the ceremonies in 1291 marking the first anniversary of Eleanor's death, 49 candlebearers appear, each candle commemorating one year of her life. This would place her birth in 1241.
She married Edward, the son of Henry III of England, in October 1254 at Burgos and became queen in 1272 when his father died and he became king. Theirs was one of the most successful royal marriages of all time, and she often accompanied her husband on his military campaigns, giving birth to his fourth son (later King Edward II of England) at Caernarfon in 1284, immediately after the conquest of Wales. She gave birth to sixteen children all told, six of whom survived into adulthood, but only two or three of whom outlived their parents.
Eleanor is remembered warmly by history as the queen who inspired the Eleanor crosses, but she was not so loved in her own time. Her English subjects considered her to be too foreign and greedy. Walter of Guisborough preserves the following poem:
"The king desires to get our gold/the queen, our manors fair to hold..."
She and Edward seemed to have been more devoted to one another than to their offspring. Their daughter Joan was left to be raised by her grandmother in Ponthieu for much of her childhood. When their son Henry lay dying at Guildford, neither of his royal parents undertook the short journey from London to see him.
Eleanor died on November 28, 1290, at Nottingham (believed actually Harby, Nottinghamshire rather than the city), and her body was returned to London for burial at Westminster Abbey. Such was Edward's devotion to her that he erected memorial crosses at each overnight stop. Three of these "Eleanor crosses" are still landmarks today, although the most famous at Charing Cross (from which its name derives) is a copy. He did not remarry for nine years, to Marguerite of France, in 1299.
The locations of the 12 crosses were as follows: Lincoln, Grantham, Stamford, Geddington, Northampton, Stony Stratford, Woburn, Dunstable, St Albans, Waltham, Westcheap, and Charing.
[edit]
Children of Queen Eleanor and King Edward I
1. Daughter, stillborn in May 1255 in Bordeaux, France.
2. Katherine, living June 17 1264, died September 5 1264 and buried at Westminster Abbey.
3. Eleanor, born 18 June 1264 and died 12 October 1297. She married (1) Alfonso III of Aragon, (2) Count Henry III of Bar.
4. Joan, born January 1265, buried at Westminster Abbey before September 7 1265.
5. John, born July 13 1266, died August 3 1271 at Wallingford, in the custody of his granduncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Buried at Westminster Abbey.
6. Henry, born before May 6 1268, died October 16 1274.
7. Daughter, born May 1271 in Palestine and died before September 1271.
8. Joan of Acre born May 1271 and died April 7 1307. She married (1) Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, (2) Ralph Morthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer.
9. Alphonso, Earl of Chester, born 24 November 1273, died 19 August 1284, buried in Westminster Abbey
10. Margaret, born March 15 1275 and died after 1333. She married John II of Brabant.
11. Berengaria, born 1 May 1276 and died before June 27 1278, buried in Westminster Abbey.
12. Daughter, died shortly after birth, January 1278.
13. Mary, born 11 March 1279 and died 29 May 1332, a nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire (England).
14. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, born August 1281 at Rhuddlan, died 5 May 1316. She married (1) John I, Count of Holland, (2) Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex
15. Edward of Caernavon, born 25 April 1284 at Caernarvon, died 21 September 1327. He married Isabella of France

SURNAME: Also shown as Plantagenet

PREFIX: Also shown as Prs/Castile

DEATH: Also shown as Died Herdeby, Near Grantham, Lincolnshire.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 29 Nov 1290

BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England.

Notes:

MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married Las Huelgas.