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• _UID: 5CA581109EACC64599432A9F821229CD164F

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!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

Editha — Holy Roman Emp. Otto I. Otto (son of L'Oiseleur, Emperor of Germany Henri (Heinrich) and Queen of Germany Matilda) was born Abt 912, , , , Germany; died 973. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• Death: Farrington, Berkshire, England
• Alt.+Burial: Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, England
• Military Service: supressed rebellion of his cousin Athelwold and his allies, the Danes
• Military Service: the Viking fleet from Brittany was ravaged in the Severnd during his reign
• Title of Nobility: Anglorum Saxonum rex (King of the Anglo-Saxons)
• Title of Nobility: ruled all England south of the Humber estuary; Overlord of Scotland & Strathclyde
• Title of Nobility: Ruling House: Wessex
• Title of Nobility: second generation descendant of Alfred the Great
• Occupation: continued King Alfred's policies of fortification and naval strength
• _FSFTID: LZGP-MTK
• _UID: 3CC93EAF2C3A3447AB724C3A6C9E5B99741C
• _UID: 546B39042D6F404D896F96797D12DD98309B
• Baptism: 871, Wessex, England
• Reigned: From 899 to 925; King of England
• Coronation: 900, Kingston upon Thames, England
• Acceded: 31 May 900, Acceced to throne at Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey
• Ascended: 31 May 900, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England
• Title of Nobility: From 28 October 0901 to 0925; King of England
• Military Service: 910, The Midlands; attacked Danes and won the Battle of Tettenhall
• Military Service: 910; took possession of London, Oxford and vicinities
• Military Service: 918; conquered Mercia
• Military Service: 918; defeated the Danes and took East Anglia
• Military Service: 920; conquered Northumbria
• Title of Nobility: 899/924; King of the Anglo-Saxons

Notes:

Edward the Elder (871? - July 17, 924) was King of England (899 - 924). He was the son of Alfred the Great and became King of Wessex upon his father's death in 899.
Edward arguably exceeded Alfred's military achievements, restoring the Danelaw to Saxon rule and reigning in Mercia from 918, after the death of his sister, Ethelfleda. He spent his early reign fighting his cousin Aethelwald, son of Ethelred I. He had about eighteen children from his three marriages, and may have had an illegitimate child, too. He died in 924 and was buried at Winchester. Edmund I, or Edmund the Deed-Doer (921-May 26, 946) who was King of England from 939 was a son of Edward the Elder, and a half-brother to Athelstan.
Athelstan died on October 27, 939, and Edmund succeeded him as King. The portrait included here is imaginary and was drawn together with portraits of other Anglo-Saxon monarchs by an unknown artist in the 18th century.
His daughter, Eadgifu married King Charles III of France. Her son became King Louis IV of France.

!Another source gives his birth as 901

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 King of the Angles and Saxons. As a youth, Edward distinguished himself in his father's wars against the Danes. He was as good a soldier as his father, but not as good a scholar. His reign is marked by the widening of his kingdom and the reduction of other princes to a condition of dependence. Edward still had to do much, despite his father's previous efforts, to keep the shores of England free from invasion. He erected a long line of fortresses along the English shores to ward off the Danes. He extended the Saxon division of towns into shires in nearly all of England. In every way he advanced the dinity of the Kingship and he did away with the old custom of clan chieftains. Thus he succeeded in creating a nation out of England, an accomplishment which his predecessors had vainly attempted. Edward also did much for the church by establishing some monasteries and endowing others. Because his reign was one marked with success, Edward has been called "The Unconquered King".

PREFIX: Also shown as King Of Wessex

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 871

DEATH: Also shown as Died 01 Jul

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Name - Description: Eadweard cyning

Edward married conjux regis Ælfflæd 899. Ælfflæd (daughter of ealdorman Æthelhelm) was born Abt 878, , Wessex, , England. [Group Sheet]

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• _UID: 0B59A6864833804A96A1A78BAF1C7042BBDE
• _UID: 9C117F4FE48CD142AB5E7D6037E13B053C96

Notes:

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

SURNAME: Also shown as Wessex

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Elfleda Queen of

Other Events:

• Achievements: allowed Danes to keep conquests provided Guthrum,their King,convert to Christianty
• Achievements: Compiled English Law
• Facct 3: Prevented Danish Conquest Of England, Defeating Them At Eddington (878).
• Fact 1: Reigned 871-899. Crowned King At Winchester In 871.
• Fact 10: The Only King Of England Ever To Receive The Honorific "The Great."
• Fact 11: Personally Led Troops In Charge At Victory Over Vikings At Ashdown (871).
• Fact 13: His Laws Were The 1St That Made No Diff. Betw. English & Welsh Peoples.
• Fact 2: Directed Campaign Of Guerrilla Warfare Against The Danes.
• Fact 4: Allowed The Danes To Keep Their Conquests In East Anglia & Mercia.
• Fact 5: Protected Wessex With A Chain Of Fortifications.
• Fact 6: Est. Navy (885-886, 892-896) To Defend The South Coast.
• Fact 7: Took London (886) Thus Gaining Control Of All England Except The Danish Areas.
• Fact 8: Organized The Militia, Compiled A Code Of Laws.
• Fact 9: Built Schools & Monasteries, Invited Scholars To Live At Court.
• LifeSketch: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great
• Physical Description: Roi d'Angleterre
• Title (Facts Pg): King of West Saxons, England
• Title of Nobility: King De England
• Title of Nobility: King of the Anglo-Saxons Wessex
• Title of Nobility: King of Wessex
• _FSFTID: L8WY-7RD
• _UID: 2F1A5D20A2F46E418EC736BAA5D869679DF1
• _UID: 5E003DCDB6CEB8498F50938C9938F27523FD
• Battle of: From 871 to 897, England; Danes
• Coronation: 871; at Winchester
• Elected: 871, England; Bretwalda
• Occupation: From 871 to 901, King of England
• Baptism: 23 Apr 871, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England
• Acceded: 23 Apr 871, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey
• Ruled: 23 Apr 872, Kingston-Upon Thames, Surrey; England
• Achievements: 878, Edington, England; Defeated the Danish conquest
• Achievements: 885; Built Navy warships to protect southern coast
• Captured: 886, London, England; London
• Achievements: From 892 to 896; Built Fortifications to protect Wessex

Notes:

Alfred (849? - 26 October 899) (sometimes spelt Ælfred) was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is famous for his defence of the kingdom against the Danes (Vikings), becoming as a result the only English monarch to be awarded the epithet "the Great" by his people. Details of his life are known as a result of a work by the Welsh scholar, Asser. A learned man, Alfred encouraged education and improved the kingdom's law system.
Childhood
Alfred was born sometime between 847 and 849 AD at Wantage in Berkshire (alterations to county borders in 1974 mean that Wantage is now part of Oxfordshire), the fourth son of King Ethelwulf of Wessex (or Aethelwulf), most likely by his first wife, Osburh. He succeeded his brother, Ethelred I, as King of Wessex and Mercia in 871.
He seems to have been a child of singular attractiveness and promise, and tales of his boyhood were remembered. At five years old, in 853, he is said to have been sent to Rome, where he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV, who is also said to have "anointed him as king." Later writers took this as an anticipatory crowning in preparation for his ultimate succession to the throne of Wessex. That, however, could not have been foreseen in 853, as Alfred had three elder brothers living. It is likely to be understood either of investiture with the consular insignia or possibly with some titular royalty such as that of the under-kingdom of Kent.
This tale is likely apocryphal, though in 854-855 Alfred almost certainly did go with his father on a pilgrimage to Rome, spending some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks. In 858, Ethelwulf died.
[edit]
Public life
During the short reigns of his two eldest brothers, Ethelbald and Ethelbert, nothing is heard of Alfred. But with the accession of the third brother, Ethelred, in 866 the public life of Alfred began, and he began his great work of delivering England from the Danes. It is in this reign that Asser applies to Alfred the unique title of secundarius, which seems to show a position akin to that of the Celtic tanist, a recognized successor, closely associated with the reigning prince. It is likely that this arrangement was sanctioned by the Witenagemot, to guard against the danger of a disputed succession should Aethelred fall in battle. The arrangement of crowning a successor as co-king, however, is well-known among Germanic tribes, such as the Swedes, and the Franks, with whom the Anglo-Saxons had close ties (see diarchy and Germanic king).
In 868 Alfred married Ealhswith, daughter of Aethelred Mucill, who is called ealdorman of the Gaini, a folk who dwelt in Lincolnshire about Gainsborough. She was the granddaughter of a former King of Mercia, and they had five or six children, one a daughter, Ethelfleda, who would become queen of Mercia in her own right.
The same year Alfred, fighting beside his brother Ethelred, made an unsuccessful attempt to relieve Mercia from the pressure of the Danes. For nearly two years Wessex had a respite. But at the end of 870 the storm burst; and the year which followed has been rightly called "Alfred's year of battles."
Nine general engagements were fought with varying fortune, though the place and date of two of them have not been recorded. A successful skirmish at Battle of Englesfield, Berkshire (31 December 870), was followed by a severe defeat at the Battle of Reading (4 January 871), and this, four days later, by the brilliant victory of Battle of Ashdown, near Compton Beauchamp in Shrivenham Hundred.
On 22 January 871 the English were again defeated at Basing, and on 22 March 871 at Marton, Wiltshire, the two unidentified battles having perhaps occurred in the interval.
[edit]
Accession
In April Ethelred died, and Alfred succeeded to the whole burden of the contest. While he was busied with the burial and associated ceremonies for his brother, the Danes defeated the English in his absence at an unnamed spot, and once more in his presence at Wilton in May. After this peace was made, and for the next five years the Danes were occupied in other parts of England, Alfred merely keeping a force of observation on the border. But in 876, the Danes, under a new leader, Guthrum, slipped past him and attacked Wareham. From there, early in 877 and under the pretext of talks, they made a dash westwards and took Exeter. Here Alfred blockaded them, and a relieving fleet having been scattered by a storm, the Danes had to submit and withdraw to Mercia. But in January 878 they made a sudden swoop on Chippenham, a royal stronghold in which Alfred had been keeping his Christmas, "and most of the people they reduced, except the King Alfred, and he with a little band made his way ... by wood and swamp, and after Easter he ... made a fort at Athelney, and from that fort kept fighting against the foe" (Chronicle).
A legend tells how, while a fugitive in the marshes of Athelney near North Petherton in Somerset, after the first Danish invasion, he was given shelter by a peasant woman who, ignorant of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire. Preoccupied with the problems of the kingdom, Alfred let the cakes burn, and was taken to task by the woman on her return. Upon realizing the king's identity, the woman apologized profusely, but Alfred insisted that he was the one who needed to apologize. The thought that Alfred, during his retreat at Athelney, was a helpless fugitive rests upon the legend of the cakes. In truth he was organizing victory. At about the same time, he is supposed to have disguised himself as a harpist to gain entry to Guthrum's camp and discover his plans.
By the middle of May, his preparations were complete and he moved out of Athelney, being joined on the way by the levies of Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire. The Danes on their side moved out of Chippenham, and the two armies met at the Battle of Edington in Wiltshire. The result was a decisive victory for Alfred. The Danes submitted. Guthrum, the Danish king, and twenty-nine of his chief men took baptism. As a result, England became split into two, the south-western half kept by the Saxons and the north-eastern half becoming known as the Danelaw. By the next year (879) not only Wessex, but Mercia, west of Watling Street, was cleared of the invader. This is the arrangement known to historians as the peace of Wedmore (878), though no document inbodying its provisions is in existence.
Though for the time being the north-eastern half of England, including London, was in the hands of the Danes, in truth the tide had turned. For the next few years there was peace, the Danes being kept busy in Europe. A landing in Kent in 884 or 885, though successfully repelled, encouraged the East Anglian Danes to rise up. The measures taken by Alfred to repress this uprising culminated in the taking of London in 885 or 886, and the treaty known as Alfred and Guthrum's peace, whereby the boundaries of the treaty of Wedmore (with which this is often mistaken) were materially modified to Alfred's gain.
Once more for a time there was a lull; but in the fall of 892 or 893 the last storm burst. The Danes, finding their position in Europe becoming more and more precarious, crossed to England in two divisions, amounting in the aggregate to 330 sail, and entrenched themselves, the larger body at Appledore, England and the lesser under Haesten at Milton in Kent. The fact that the new invaders brought their wives and children with them shows that this was no mere raid, but a meaningful attempt, in concert with the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes, to conquer England. Alfred, in 893 or 894, took up a position whence he could observe both forces. While he was in talks with Haesten the Danes at Appledore broke out and struck north-westwards, but were overtaken by Alfred's eldest son, Edward, and defeated in a general engagement at Farnham, and driven to take refuge in Thorney Island in the Hertfordshire Colne, where they were blockaded and ultimately compelled to submit. They then fell back on Essex, and after suffering another defeat at Benfleet coalesced with Haesten's force at Shoebury.
Alfred had been on his way to relieve his son at Thorney when he heard that the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes were besieging Exeter and an unnamed stronghold on the North Devon shore. Alfred at once hurried westward and raised the siege of Exeter; the fate of the other place is not recorded. Meanwhile the force under Haesten set out to march up the Thames Valley, possibly with the idea of assisting their friends in the west. But they were met by a large force under the three great ealdormen of Mercia, Wiltshire and Somerset, and made to head off to the north-west, being finally overtaken and blockaded at Buttington, which some identify with Buttington Tump at the mouth of the Wye River, others with Buttington near Welshpool. An attempt to break through the English lines was defeated with loss; those who escaped retreated to Shoebury. Then after collecting reinforcements they made a sudden dash across England and occupied the ruined Roman walls of Chester. The English did not attempt a winter blockade, but contented themselves with destroying all the supplies in the neighbourhood. And early in 894 (or 895) want of food obliged the Danes to retire once more to Essex. At the end of this year and early in 895 (or 896) the Danes drew their ships up the Thames and Lea and fortified themselves twenty miles above London. A direct attack on the Danish lines failed, but later in the year Alfred saw a means of obstructing the river so as to prevent the egress of the Danish ships. The Danes realized that they were out-maneuvred. They struck off north-westwards and wintered at Bridgenorth. The next year, 896 (or 897), they gave up the struggle. Some retired to Northumbria, some to East Anglia; those who had no connections in England withdrew to the continent. The long campaign was over.
The result testifies to the confidence inspired by Alfred's character and generalship, and to the efficacy of the military reforms initiated by him. These were:
1. the division of the fyrd or national militia into two, relieving each other at set intervals, so as to ensure continuity in military operations;
2. the building of strongholds (burgs) and garrisons at certain points;
3. the enforcement of the obligations of thanehood on all owners of five hides of land, thus giving the king a nucleus of highly equipped troops.
[edit]
Reference
" Sir Francis Palgrave, History of the Anglo-Saxons (1876), pg. 102
[edit]
Reorganization
After the dispersal of the Danish invaders Alfred turned his attention to the increase of the royal navy, and ships were built according to the king's own designs, partly to repress the ravages of the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes on the coasts of Wessex, partly to prevent the landing of fresh hordes. This is not, as often asserted, the beginning of the English navy. There had been earlier naval operations under Alfred. One naval engagement was certainly fought under Aethelwulf (in 851), and earlier ones, possibly in 833 and 840. The partisan Anglo-Saxon Chronicle credits Alfred with the construction of a new type of boat, 'swifter, steadier and also higher/more responsive (hierran) than the others'; but these new ships were not a great success, as we hear of them grounding in action and foundering in a storm. But both the Royal Navy and the United States Navy claim Alfred as the founder of their traditions.
Alfred's main fighting force was separated into two, 'so that there was always half at home and half out' (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). The level of organisation required to mobilise his large army in two shifts of which one was feeding the other must have been considerable. The complexity which Alfred's administration had attained by 892 is demonstrated by a reasonably reliable charter whose witness list includes a thesaurius, cellararius and pincerna-treasurer, food-keeper and butler. Despite the irritation which Alfred must have felt in 893, when one division, which had 'completed their call-up (stemn)' gave up the siege of a Danish army even as Alfred was moving to relieve them, this system seems to have worked remarkably well on the whole.
One of the weaknesses of pre-Alfredian defences had been that, in the absence of a standing army, fortresses were largely left unoccupied, making it very possible for a Viking force quickly to secure a strong strategic position. Alfred substantially upgraded the state of many of Wessex's fortresses, as has been demonstrated by systematic excavation of four West Saxon boroughs (at Wareham, Cricklade, Lydford and Wallingford) that "in every case the rampart associated by the excavators with the borough of the Alfredian period was the primary defence on the site" (N.P. Brooks The Development of Military Obligations in Eighth and Ninth Century England). We know that such defences were not constructed by the occasional Danish occupiers, thanks to surviving transcripts of the formidable 11th Century administrative manuscript known as the Burghal Hidage, dated within 20 years of Alfred's death-it may well date to Alfred's reign, and it almost certainly reflects Alfredian policy. This documents the established position of these four burhs, among many others, as permanently garrisoned and maintained fortress-towns. By comparing town plans of Wallingford and Wareham with that of Winchester, one can see 'that they were laid out in the same scheme' (P. Wormald in J. Campbell, ed., The Anglo-Saxons). This supports the proposition that these newly established burhs were planned as centres of habitation and trade as well as a place of safety in moments of immediate danger.
The 'Burghal Hidage' sets out the obligations for the upkeep and defence of these towns; in this way, the English population and its wealth was drawn into towns where it was not only safer from Viking soldiers, but also taxable by the King.
Alfred is thus credited with a significant degree of civil re-organization, especially in the districts ravaged by the Danes. Even if one rejects the thesis crediting the 'Burghal Hidage' to Alfred, what is undeniable is that, in the parts of Mercia acquired by Alfred from the Vikings, the shire system seems now to have been introduced for the first time. This is at least one grain of truth in the legend that Alfred was the inventor of shires, hundreds and tithings. The finances also needed attention; but the subject is obscure, and we cannot accept Asser's description of Alfred's appropriation of his revenue as more than an ideal sketch. Alfred's care for the administration of justice is testified both by history and legend; and the title "protector of the poor" was his by unquestioned right. Of the action of the Witangemot we do not hear very much under Alfred. That he was anxious to respect its rights is conclusively proved, but both the circumstances of the time and the character of the king would tend to throw more power into his hands. The legislation of Alfred probably belongs to the later part of the reign, after the pressure of the Danes had relaxed.
[edit]
Foreign relations
Asser speaks grandiosely of Alfred's relations with foreign powers, but little definite information is available. He certainly corresponded with Elias III, the patriarch of Jerusalem, and probably sent a mission to India. Embassies to Rome conveying the English alms to the Pope were fairly frequent; while Alfred's interest in foreign countries is shown by the insertions which he made in his translation of Orosius.
Around 890 Wulfstan of Haithabu undertook a journey from Haithabu on Jutland along the Baltic Sea to the Prussian trading town Truso. Wulfstan reported details of his trip to Alfred the Great.
His relations to the Celtic princes in the southern half of the island are clearer. Comparatively early in his reign the Welsh princes, owing to the pressure on them of North Wales and Mercia, commended themselves to Alfred. Later in the reign the North Welsh followed their example, and the latter co-operated with the English in the campaign of 893 (or 894). That Alfred sent alms to Irish as well as to European monasteries may be taken on Asser's authority; the visit of the three pilgrim "Scots" (i.e., Irish) to Alfred in 891 is undoubtedly authentic; the story that he himself in his childhood was sent to Ireland to be healed by St. Modwenna, though mythical, may show Alfred's interest in that island.
[edit]
Christianity and literature
The history of the church under Alfred is most obscure. The Danish inroads had told heavily upon it; the monasteries had been special points of attack, and though Alfred founded two or three monasteries and imported foreign monks, there was no general revival of monasticism under him.
To the ruin of learning and education wrought by the Danes, and the practical extinction of the knowledge of Latin even among the clergy, the preface to Alfred's translation into Old English of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care bears eloquent witness. It was to remedy these evils that he established a court school, after the example of Charlemagne; for this he imported scholars like Grimbald and John the Saxon from Europe and Asser from South Wales; for this, above all, he put himself to school, and made the series of translations for the instruction of his clergy and people, most of which yet survive. These belong unquestionably to the latter of his reign, likely to the last four years, during which the chronicles are almost silent.
Apart from the lost Handboc or Encheiridion, which seems to have been merely a commonplace-book kept by the king, the earliest work to be translated was the Dialogues of Gregory, a book greatly popular in the Middle Ages. In this case the translation was made by Alfred's great friend Werferth, Bishop of Worcester, the king merely furnishing a foreword. The next work to be undertaken was Gregory's Pastoral Care, especially for the good of the parish clergy. In this Alfred keeps very close to his original; but the introduction which he prefixed to it is one of the most interesting documents of the reign, or indeed of English history. The next two works taken in hand were historical, the Universal History of Orosius and Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The priority should likely be given to the Orosius, but the point has been much debated. In the Orosius, by omissions and additions, Alfred so remodels his original as to produce an almost new work; in the Bede the author's text is closely stuck to, no additions being made, though most of the documents and some other less interesting matters are omitted. Of late years doubts have been raised as to Alfred's authorship of the Bede translation. But the sceptics cannot be regarded as having proved their point.
We come now to what is in many ways the most interesting of Alfred's works, his translation of The Consolation of Philosophy of Boethius, the most popular philosophical handbook of the middle ages. Here again Alfred deals very freely with his original and though the late Dr. G. Schepss showed that many of the additions to the text are to be traced not to Alfred himself, but to the glosses and commentaries which he used, still there is much in the work which is solely Alfred's and highly characteristic of his genius. It is in the Boethius that the oft-quoted sentence occurs: "My will was to live worthily as long as I lived, and after my life to leave to them that should come after, my memory in good works." The book has come down to us in two manuscripts only. In one of these the poems with which the original is interspersed are rendered into prose, in the other into alliterating verse. The authorship of the latter has been much disputed; but likely they also are by Alfred. Of the authenticity of the work as a whole there has never been any doubt.
The last of Alfred's works is one to which he gave the name Blostman, i.e., "Blooms" or Anthology. The first half is based mainly on the Soliloquies of St Augustine of Hippo, the remainder is drawn from various sources, and contains much that is Alfred's own and highly characteristic of him. The last words of it may be quoted; they form a fitting epitaph for the noblest of English kings. "Therefore he seems to me a very foolish man, and truly wretched, who will not increase his understanding while he is in the world, and ever wish and long to reach that endless life where all shall be made clear."
Beside these works of Alfred's, the Saxon Chronicle almost certainly, and a Saxon Martyrology, of which fragments only exist, probably owe their inspiration to him. A prose version of the first fifty Psalms has been attributed to him; and the attribution, though not proved, is perfectly possible. Additionally, Alfred appears as a character in The Owl and the Nightingale, where his wisdom and skill with proverbs is attested. Additionally, The Proverbs of Alfred, which exists for us in a 13th century manuscript contains sayings that very likely have their origins partly with the king.
In honour of Alfred, the University of Liverpool now has a King Alfred Chair of English Literature.
[edit]
Death
Alfred died on 26 October 899, though the year is uncertain - but not 900 or 901 as was previously accepted. How he died is unknown.

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

!King of the West Saxons (871-99), and one of the outstanding figures of English History. Born in Wantage in Southern England, Alfred was the youngest of five sons of King Ethelwulf. On the death of his brother Ethelred, Alfred became king, coming to the throne during a Danish invasion. Although he succeeded in making peace with the Danes, they resumed their marauding expeditions five years later, and by early 878 they were successful almost everywhere. About Easter of 878, however, Alfred established himself at Athelney and began assembling an army. In the middle of that year he defeated the Danes and captured their stronghold, probably at present-day Edington. For the next 14 years Alfred was able to devote himself to the internal affairs of his kingdom. By 886 he had captured the city of London, and soon afterward he was recognized as the king of all England.
In 893 the Danes invaded England again, and the following four years were marked by warfare; eventually, the Danes were forced to withdraw from Alfred's domain. The only ruler to resist Danish invasions successfully, Alfred made his kingdom the rallying point for all Saxons, thus laying the foundation for the unification of England.
Alfred was a patron of learning and did much for the education of his people. He established a court-school and invited British and foreign scholars, notably the Welsh monk Asser (d. 909?) and the Irish-born philosopher and theologian John Scotus Erigena, to come there. Alfred translated such works as the Consolation of Philosophy by the Roman statesman and philosopher Boethius, The History of the World by the Spanish priest Paulus Orosius (fl. 5th Cent), and Passtoral Care by Pope Gregory I. Alfred's laws, the first promulgated in more than a century, were the first that made no distinction between the English and the Welsh peoples.
He was wore himself out in the service of his people, the oft-quoted words he added to one of his book translations: "MY WISH WAS TO LIVE WORTHILY AS LONG AS I LIVE, AND AFTER MY LIFE TO LEAVE THEM THAT SHOULD COME AFTER, MY MEMORY OF GOOD WORKS."; a fitting epitaph to this noble King.

!Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call.

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-35.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Alfred

PREFIX: Also shown as King Of England

BIRTH: Also shown as Born Wantage, England.

DEATH: Also shown as Died 28 Oct 901

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Name - Description: Alfred "The Great" de Wessex King of England

Ælfr?d married of England, Princess of Mercia Ealhswith 868. Ealhswith (daughter of Mucel, Ealdorman of the Gaini Ethelred and De Normandie, Emma (Eadburh)) was born Abt 852, of, Mercia, , England; died 5 Dec 905. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: 5E1B7182505FD744AEF1AC5244DFA27109E7
• _UID: B8DCF0DEFC701A4487008B41BCAC829B0424

Notes:

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-36.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Ealhswith (Alswitha)

PREFIX: Also shown as Queen Of England

DEATH: Also shown as Died 905

Other Events:

• _UID: 01BAE6BA64F3F544A7BB87D45A1F6BFD894E
• _UID: B89295ECC835D640866DF1656E2CAB0A76D9

Notes:

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 He was one of the Chieftains of Edward the Elder (his son-in-law).

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Ethelhelm

Other Events:

• Clan Name: House of Wessex
• Title of Nobility: King of England
• Title of Nobility: King Of Wessex
• Title of Nobility: King of Wessex 839-856
• _FSFTID: L8TJ-5J1
• _UID: 046882EB07DE204591F8CE6147BF4BE10DC7
• _UID: 4F6FD523B5F4B449A07BF2F5FA5B720A2F28
• Birth: Abt 806, of, Wessex, England
• Coronation: 836/858, King Of England

Notes:

!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 King of the West Saxons and Kentishmen, it was said that Ethelwulf was Bishop of Winchester and it was known that he was educated there. In 825 his father sent him to gain the Kingdom of Kent by war, and Ethelwulf soon subdued this region and placed it under his father's rule. Like his father, Ethelwulf had to fight off the invasion of the Scandinavians. His success against them was not as great as his father's, for Ethelwulf lacked the power and the energy to conduct long wars. When the Danes invaded London, in 842, he did little to stop them. The invasion of the Norsemen encouraged the Welsh to rise against their conqueror in 853, but they were soon defeated by Ethelwulf's trusted followers. Soon afterward he defeated the Norsemen at Ockley. To celebrate his victory, Ethelwulf decided to go on a pilgrimage to Rome. In 855 he left England and at first went to the Court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, who received him with many honors. At Rome he was received by Pope Leo IV. He made a large number of valuable offerings to the Pope and promised a yearly payment to the See of Rome, which is said to have been the origin of Peter's Pence. Returning to England by way of France, he was married to his second wife by the famous bishop-historian, Hincmar of Rheims, and he died two years after his pilgrimage.
Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call. charts 505, 605, and 613.

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-35.
King of England 839 - 856.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Ethelwulf King Of

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Birth - Date: 23 Aug 806 Place: Wessex, Berkshire, England

FamilySearch showed this additional information:
Death - Date: 13 Jan 858 Place: Stamridge, Wessex, England

Æthelwulf married Nic Oslac, Queen consort of Wessex Osburh Abt 837. Osburh (daughter of King Æthelwulf's pincerna (butler) Oslac, daughter of Oslac, Earl) was born Abt 810, of, Wessex, , England; died 846. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _FSFTID: L8WB-MK1
• _UID: B8B827CBBE1AB34490972AF57767C3738B91
• _UID: FE7269718998684B88365536829064A6839C

Notes:

1!Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call. charts 605.

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-35.

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Osburh (Osburga) Queen of

Other Events:

• _UID: 88B21B8F79E59842AF47ED9F62F227233C51
• _UID: E0F627DF4EC7B341B32205E9EA2871123DA0

Notes:

Ethelred Mucil was the Earl of Gainas, Eadburh, and Mercia.

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call. charts 605.

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-35.

SURNAME: Also shown as Mercia

GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Aethelred Mucil Earl of

Earl/Gainas

Ethelred — De Normandie, Emma (Eadburh). Emma (daughter of Count of Normandy Richard I and Princess of France Emma) was born Abt 826, of, , England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: C3E0A104ACE78149AC6E49FB7828AC94E32D

Notes:

Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call. charts 605.

Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-35.

Emmas's mother is not known. She was added to this family because their names are the same, and she is a daughter of Richard I, 3rd Duke of Normandy.