New France Genealogy
Montjoie Saint Denis!
Notes
Matches 1,851 to 1,900 of 3,768
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| 1851 | Good Source Media Type: Book | Source (S63)
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| 1852 | Good Source Media Type: Book | Source (S67)
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| 1853 | Governor of Flanders 802 -824 Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-31. | Governor of Flanders Ingelram (I26350)
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| 1854 | Grandfather of the Virgin Mary and Joseph, her husband. Bible dictinary - Joseph -Son of Heli - Husband of Virgin Mary. p. 717. 1st Chapter of Matthew - 3rd Chapter of Luke There are two different pedigree line of Joseph and Mary to Abraham Luke 3:23-38 and the 1st Chapter of Matthew | Ben Levi, Matthan(Matthat) (I26058)
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| 1855 | Grandson of Harold V, 14th King of Denmark, 1st count of Guines. Ancestry and Progeny of Captain James BLOUNT - Immigrant , by Robert F. PFafman, p E-38 - (20) | Count Of Guines Sigefried (I26285)
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| 1856 | Grandson of Rev. Francis Dane of Andover, Mass. | Dane, Joseph (I6797)
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| 1857 | Great-grand daughter of "Old King Cole". son of Marius. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-20. | Aiofe (I26289)
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| 1858 | Gundred (daughter of Gherbod the Fleming), d. 27 May 1085; m. bef. 1077, William de Warenne, d. Lewes 24 June 1088, created 1st Earl of Surrey, son of Rudolf de Warenne and Beatrice. [Magna Charta Sureties] ------------------------------------------ He married, 1stly, Gundred, sister of Gerbod the Fleming, EARL OF CHESTER, possibly daughter of Gerbod, hereditary advocate of the Abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer. She died in child-birth, 27 May 1085, at Castle Acre, Norfolk, and was buried the chapter-house at Lewes. [Complete Peerage XII/1:493-5, XIV:604 (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)] Trafford Pedigree; Some Early English Pedigrees, British 942 D2no, page 20. Note: I think that Gundred was daughter of Gerbod the Fleming, Earl of Chester. He was also advocate of the Abbey of St. Bertin of St. Omer (as CP itself indicated-see notes under Gherbod) . As far as I know there is only one Gerbod. ------------------------------------------- According to Magna Charta Sureties (and CP in a way), a daughter of Gherbod the Fleming. According to the Plantagenet Ancestry, a daughter of William the Conquerer and Matilda of Flanders. The following discussion in soc.genealogy.medieval illustrates the proof for Gundred being daughter of Matilda, wife of William I, and also the controversy still being debated about her ancestry. I happen to believe that the Lewes Chartulary is not false on the basis that there is no reason for forging a relationship to Queen Maud, but not King William I. From: Phil Moody (moodyprime AT cox.net) Subject: Re: tombstone of Gundrad, wife of William de Warenne Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval Date: 2002-12-30 21:52:15 PST "Chris PHILLIPS" wrote" > There was never any question of Gundred being an illegitimate daughter of > William I, but rather it was a case of a fraudulent claim that she was a > legitimate daughter. The reason people used to think that Gundred was a > daughter of William the Conqueror was because the monks of Lewes forged some > charters which stated that. But I don't think anyone now seriously maintains > that these charters are authentic. > > Gundred is known to have been a sister of Gerbod, who was briefly earl of > Chester under William the Conqueror. It's clear they were members of a > Flemish family who were advocates of St Bertin's Abbey in St Omer, and who > held Oosterzele and Scheldewindeke, although the genealogy isn't altogether > clear. PLM: There is some doubt in my mind, however. Per your earlier assistance to me; I do now have "The Chartulary of the Priory of St. Pancras of Lewes", vol. I, ed. L. F. Salzman, and published by the Sussex Record Society in 1032 [sic?]. There is a lengthy charter by William Warrene nearly six pages in length; so I will not quote it's entirety, but this bit is curious. Page 3: "..., I have given for the welfare of my soul and that of Gundrada my wife and for the soul of my lord King William who brought me into England and by whose license I caused the monks to come and who confirmed my former gift, and for the welfare of my lady Queen Maud the mother of my wife and for the welfare of my lord King William his son after whose coming to England I made this charter and who made me Earl of Surrey,..." UNQ PLM: It is quite clear from this charter, that Gundrada is the daughter of Queen Maud, and the lack of a reference to William I being the father of Gundrada is highly significant. If I were to rely solely on this evidence, I would have to conclude that Gundrada was NOT the daughter of William I at all. People have referred to forged charters from Lewes, but what is the basis of these assertions, and which references discuss these "supposedly proven forgeries"? The premise of such an accusation appears to be up side down, in relation to the above charter. It seems illogical to forge a document that makes Gundrada the daughter of the Queen, as opposed to the King of England; which would essentially diminish her social standing, instead of elevating it, as most forgeries tend to do? Sources: Jim Weber http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=jweber&id=I07256&style=TABLE, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jweber&id=I00350 (Research): Another name for Gundred was Gundreda DE GAND. Alt. Birth; 1058, Normandy, France. DEATH: Also shown as Died Castle Acre, Norfolk, England, England. BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Priory Of Lewes, Sussex, , England. | De Normandie, Princess Of England Gundred (I22027)
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| 1859 | Gundred de Warenne m. (2) William de Lancaster I, d. 1170, 5th Baron Kendal of Workington in Coupland, son of Gilbert, 4th Baron Kendal; he inherited an extensive fief held of the Honour of Coupland, served as castellan of William fitz Duncan's castle of Egremont in 1138, and was Governor of the Caslte of Lancaster. [Ancestral Roots, line 88-25] Note: Their daughter Avice's birthdate is about 1145 according to some, but if Plantagenet Ancestry is right in attributing her mother to be Gundred (Ancestral Roots gives no mother), then an 1154 date would be much more likely. This also involves making subsequent descendant birthdates a bit later as well. Note also: Ancestral Roots states that Gilbert de Stainton is probably son of William I de Lancaster. However I believe that chronologically he is more likely to be a brother. Source: Jim Weber http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=jweber&id=I11952 | De Lancaster, 5th Baron Kendal William (I22014)
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| 1860 | Gundred, elder daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, by Elizabeth/Isabel widow of his (Roger's) uncle, Robert I de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester. [Burke's Peerage] ------------------- Gundred de Warenne, Countess of Warwick [dau. of William de Warenne & Isabel de Vermandois], widow of Roger de Newburgh; m. (2) William de Lancaster I, d. 1170, 5th Baron Kendal of Workington in Coupland, son of Gilbert, 4th Baron Kendal; he inherited an extensive fief held of the Honour of Coupland, served as castellan of William fitz Duncan's castle of Egremont in 1138, and was Governor of the Caslte of Lancaster. [Ancestral Roots, line 88-25] ------------------ He [Roger Earl of Warwick] married Gundred, elder daughter of William (DE WARENNE), 2nd EARL OF SURREY, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), widow of Robert (DE BEAUMONT), COUNT OF MEULAN and 1st EARL OF LEICESTER, daughter of Hugh (DE CRÉPY), COUNT OF VERMANDOIS. He died in 1153. His widow married, as his 2nd wife, William DE LANCASTER, Lord of Kendal. She was living in 1166. [Complete Peerage XII/2:361-2, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)] (Research): Gundred/ married Roger DE BEAUMONT de Newburgh, 2nd Earl of Warwick, son of Henri I DE BEAUMONT-LE-ROGER 1st Earl of Warwick and Margaret DU PERCHE, before 1130 in England (Roger DE BEAUMONT de Newburgh, 2nd Earl of Warwick was born in 1090-1102 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England died on 12 Jun 1153 in Warwickshire, England and was buried on 20 Jun 1153.) Gundred/ also married William DE LANCASTER 5th Baron Kendal, son of Gilbert DE LANCASTER 4th Baron of Kendal and Goditha DE TAILLEBOIS, about 1154(William DE LANCASTER 5th Baron Kendal was born about 1100 in Kendal, Westmorland, England and died in 1170 in Lancaster, Lancashire, England | De Warenne, Gundred/ Adelaide (Ada) (I22015)
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| 1861 | Had a servant named: Emma Benet, born in 1859 in PQ | Poulin, Peter E. (I1175)
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| 1862 | Had a servent named Sophie Veilleux and a "Commis" Jony Sedras as of the 1881 census | Poulin, Alphonse (I1181)
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| 1863 | Had many wars with the Romans and Gauls. !Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 804. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. p. E- 25. | King Of Franks Sunno (I26117)
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| 1864 | Hams descendants are located in the southern nations: Canaan, eastern Africia, southern Arabia, Egypte, Libya, ...... They are people with a dark skin (Gen. 8:18-25), his wife and a daughter was named Egyptus. He was given Syria, Arabia, and Africa by his Father. | Ben Noah, Ham (I26073)
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| 1865 | Hannah Dwight was a woman of high character, intelligence and aptitude. She educated her son when women were seldom educated and when there were little teaching resources and schools in the New World. She was admitted into the church Jan 9, 1640. | Close, Hannah (I7450)
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| 1866 | Hannah survived her husband by over thirty years. She managed his business interests and raised the family in an exceptional manner without the assistance of her husband. | Dwight, Hannah (I7453)
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| 1867 | Harnden Eddy, b. about 1796, perhaps in RI; died at the age of 82 or 83 years; m. Nancy Purdy. When he was about seven years of age his family left New England and went to New York State and then later to Haldimand, Ontario, where he married. He lived in Eddystone, Ontario, a town seven miles from Grafton where he was a deacon in the church. [Eddy Family In America; page 399] Harnden was a veteran of the War of 1812 (Canadian Side) Muster Roll and pay list of the 1st Regiment of the Northumberland militia; October 8-13, 1813 Private 42 Eddy, Harnden No of days: 6 Amount of net pay sterling dollars: 0-3-0 Remarks: on command to Burlington Harnden appears in the 1851, 1871 and 1881 Ontario Census Records. Harnden is listed as applying in 1875 to participate in the gratuity voted by Parliament in 1875. (Parliamentary Sessional Papers, 1876, No. 7, page 32) He is also listed as a "Commissioner of Peace" December 13, 1858 in United Counties of Northumberland and Durham.(1803-1955) http://www.trentu.ca/library/archives/84-020.htm Also from the Trent Archives is a land transaction: Eddy to Eddy 1884 - S 1/2 of N 1/2 Lot 14 Conc. 5 Haldimand The Belden's 1878 Map Transcription shows: EDDY, H. owned Lot 22, Conc., 3 Note you may come across the following person in your research it is not the same person: Highland Cemetery, Highland Township, Oakland County, Michigan: A. W. Eddy, served in the War of 1812 [Durant's Oakland County History gives the establishment of Highland Cemetery in 1849 and the first burial being that of Harden Eddy.] This Harden EDDY was the son of Allen W. EDDY, b. Mar. 23, 1793 in Rutland Co, VT; d. July 28, 1878 in Milford MI. His mother was Clorinda Castle...see p. 294 The Eddy Family in America. Harden was b. June 17, 1831 and died Oct. 4, 1849. | Eddy, Harnden (I7256)
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| 1868 | HARRADEN, HARRADIN, or HARRENDINE, BENJAMIN, Gloucester, youngest s. of the first Edward, m. 15 Jan. 1696, Deborah Norwood, d. 3 Feb. 1725, leav. s. Caleb, Joseph, and Ebenezer, but had others wh. d. young. EDWARD, Gloucester 1658, may have been of Ipswich in 1651, by w. Sarah had Andrew, b. 13 Jan. 1659; Ann, 2 Mar. 1661; John, 1663; Thomas, 1665; Joseph, 18 Aug. 1668; Sarah, 30 July 1670, d. at two yrs.; and Benjamin, 11 Sept. 1671. He d. 17 May 1683, and his wid. d. 4 Mar. 1691. EDWARD, Gloucester, s. of the preced. m. 5 Feb. 1684, Sarah, d. of the first William Haskell, and sec. w. in 1693, Hannah York; by the two hav. eighteen ch. not nam. in Babson. JOHN, Gloucester, br. of the preced. m. Sarah Giddings of Ipswich, whose f. is not kn. had sev. ch. of wh. Andrew alone is nam. by Babson, as d. one mo. aft. his f. and his w. d. a. two yrs. bef. her h. wh. d. 11 Nov. 1724. JOSEPH, Gloucester, br. of the preced. had two ws. but ch. is not ment. and he d. 10 May 1716. Prob. this fam. was perpet. in the next generat. at Salem. A doctor H. there in 1689 is ment. by Felt. | Haraden, Benjamin (Harraden) (I8153)
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| 1869 | HAXTUN PIONEER GOES TO REWARD G.A. Dech Was Resident of This Section For More Than 33 Years G.A. Dech, one of the older residents of this section died last Saturday, following an illness of several months. Mr. Dech homesteaded in the LeRoy neighborhood southwest of Haxtun about 33 years ago. About 21 years ago he moved to town and since that time had been a familiar figure in the community life of Haxtun. Funeral services for Mr. Dech were conducted from the Methodist church in Haxtun Tuesday afternoon by the pastor, the Rev. Hugh Neville assisted by the Rev. Snavely, pastor of the Church of Brethren. The following obituary was read by the pastor: George Antony Dech was born near Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1850 and died February 28, 1931 at the age of 80 years, 8 months and 22 days. When but a child of 6 years of age he moved with this parents to Dixon, Illinois, remaining there until he was seventeen. He then moved to Ashland, Nebraska. Thirty-three years ago Mr. Dech came to Colorado and settled on the farm in the LeRoy district. Twelve years later he came to live in Haxtun, and for 21 years he has been a well-known figure in the town. He was a kindly, genial man, a steadfast friend, and loyal neighbor, a devoted husband and father and he will be missed by many in the community in addition to his loved ones left behind. Mr. Dech gave his heart to the Lord while in Laramie, Wyoming about 25 years ago, uniting shortly afterwards with the Methodist church there. Later in 1913, he united with the Methodist church of Haxtun, but of late years he had not been able to attend the services of the church on account of sickness and physical disability. He will long be remembered by the younger generation of Haxtun as a popular janitor for some years of the grade school. Mr. Dech was a great lover of children and was beloved by them. On November 28, 1872 he was united in marriage with Miss Lucy Ann Harnden, in Wahoo, Nebraska and to this union were born two children, Fronda L. and Vay H., who have preceded him in death. He leaves to mourn his departure his dear wife and granddaughter Mrs. Ruth Chryst, With five grandchildren, Wayne, Margaret, Leslie, Winifred and Lucy Roberts of Omaha, Nebraska and many other relatives and friends who deeply regret his passing. | Dech, George Antony (I7147)
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| 1870 | He became High Sheriff of Rutlandshire, a post held by his descendants for several generations. | Harrington, Sir Robert (I8176)
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| 1871 | He died childless at the age of 21. | Holy Roman Emp. Otto III (I25486)
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| 1872 | He never married. BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1054 DEATH: Also shown as Died New Forest. | de Normandie, Prince of England Richard (I7805)
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| 1873 | He never married. | Plantagenet, Lord/Beaufort John (I23875)
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| 1874 | He received a special blessing from his father, Noah, "that he would be the Progenitor of the Messiah". Also referred to as "The Great High Priest". Shem was the Father of Shemitic(Semitic) Race: Arabs, Hebrews,Phoenicians, Syrians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. He was given Aisia within the Euphrates to the Indian Ocean, by his father Noah. FamilySearch showed this additional information: Birth - Date: 02 Jul 1559 Place: Shulon, East of Eden | Shem (I25967)
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| 1875 | He sent men out to learn the languages of the world and founded a university when they returned. this school invented the Hebrew, Greek, and Latain alphabets. | King Of Scythia Phoeniusa Farsaidh (I26231)
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| 1876 | He was a "Dux Navium Militarium" to William "The Conqueror", King of England. Ancestry and Progeny of Captain James BLOUNT - Immigrant , by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-38 - (17) | le Blount, DuxNaviumMilit. William (I26275)
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| 1877 | He was a private in the New York Infantry Co. C...enlisted in the Civil War. | Dubray, Charles (I21728)
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| 1878 | He was a prophet and gained 4 victories over his enemies. In his time, Picts came form Thrace to Scotland. | King Of Ireland Irial Faidh (I25922)
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| 1879 | He was a Spiritual leader - Solvereign or a Bishop. | Bran (I26103)
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| 1880 | He was also Known as James VI of Scotland. He was the first to call himself the King of Great Britain. King of Great Britain 1603 - 1625. | Stuart, King Of England James I / VI (I27430)
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| 1881 | He was bitten by a sarpent, while he and his father were at the Hebrew camp, was immediately cured by the touch of the "Rod of Moses". Moses prophesied that no venomous creature should ever live where the posterity of Gaodhal should settle and that they should be the Patrons of all learning. On the advice of Moses, they seized the Egyptian's ships; from them, they beheld the Egyptians overthrown in the Red Sea. His descendants were called after him, Gaelhal (Gael). Ancestry and Progeny of Captain James Blount - Inmigrant. by Robert Ffafman p. E- 18. | Gaodhal Glas (I26229)
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| 1882 | He was King of Scoltand from 697-700. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-21. | King Of Scotland Eochaidh II (I25867)
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| 1883 | He was King of Scoltand from 721-733. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-21. | King Of Scotland Eochaid III (I25866)
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| 1884 | He was married twice, wives names unknown. | De Courtenay, Count of Edessa Josceline (I24528)
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| 1885 | He was the Count of Provence 979-993. He is often considered the founder of the county of Provence. He and his elder brother Rotbold II, sons of Boso II of Arles, both carried the title of comes or count concurrently, but it is unknown if they were joint-counts of the whole of Provence or if the region was divided. His brother never bore any other title than count so long as William lived, so the latter seems to have attained a certain supremacy. In 980, he was installed as Count of Arles. His sobriquet comes from his victories against the Saracens by which he liberated Provence from their threat, which had been constant since the establishment of a base at Fraxinet. At the Battle of Tourtour in 973, with the assistance of the counts of the High Alps and the viscounts of Marseille and Fos, he definitively routed the Saracens, chasing them forever from Provence. He reorganised the region east of the Rhône, which he conquered from the Saracens and which had been given him as a gift from King Conrad of Burgundy. Also by royal consent, he and his descendants controlled the fisc in Provence. With the Isarn, Bishop of Grenoble, he repopulated the Dauphiny and settled an Italian count named Ugo Blavia near Fréjus in 970 in order to bring that land back to cultivation. For all this, he figures prominently in Ralph Glaber's chronicle with the title of dux and he appears in a charter of 992 as pater patriae. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_of_Provence (Research):Alt. Birth; 947 Guillaume married Arsinde DE COMMINGES, daughter of Arnaud I DE COMMINGES Count of Comminges & Carcassonne and Arsinde DE CARCASSONNE (Arsinde DE COMMINGES was born about 953 in Comminges, Haute Garonne, Midi Pyrenees, France and died before 984.) Guillaume also married Adélaïde (Azalais, Adèle) D' ANJOU, daughter of Cte Foulques (Fulk) II "Le Bon" D' ANJOU and Gerberga DU GÂTINAIS, after 984 (Adélaïde (Azalais, Adèle) D' ANJOU was born about 942 in Anjou/Pays-de-la-Loire, France and died on 16 Oct 1026 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, France SURNAME: Also shown as De Provence GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as William SUFFIX: Also shown as I / II PREFIX: Also shown as Count/Toulouse BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 947, of, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France. DEATH: Also shown as Died Aft 29 Aug 993 | De Toulouse, comte d'Arles & Provence Guillaume III (I24675)
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| 1886 | He was the eldest son of Milesius, King of Spain, after they invaded and Conquered Ireland in 1699 B.C.. He and his bother Heremon, jointley ruled Ireland, just over a year, then during a conflict with each other, he was killed. Then Heremond became the sole Monarch of Ireland. The descendeny of Heber became the Munster Tribe and his descendents became the Kings of Munster, the frist one recorded in the O'Keeffe Family of Ireland, was Felim King of Munster from 12 B.C. to 10 A.D.(there were 22 king that regined from 12 B.C. to 820 B.C.- that are direct descent of this family, and 10 others connected to the family. They were the senior branch of thre Eoghanacht line, and during their dynasty they were never subjugated by any foe). Chapter 29 the Lineage of the O'keeffe Family of Ireland. | Monarch of Ireland Heber (I27457)
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| 1887 | He was the Great-Great- Grandson of Fornjot, King of Finland. Ancestry and Progeny of Captain James Blount - Inmigrant. by Robert F. Pfafman p. E -28, # (28). | Fhorri (I26241)
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| 1888 | He was the King of Denmark 818 to 830, also states that he died in 845 in England. | Sigurdsson, King Of Denmark Ragnar (I23554)
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| 1889 | He was the Lord of Westmorreland. | de Clifford, Ld/Westmoreland Robert (I22574)
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| 1890 | He was the son of the first King of Salic(Salian) Franks(Westphalia). Ancestry and Progeny of Captain James Blount - Inmigrant. by Robert Ffafman p. E- 26. | Prince of Salic Sigermerus I (I25306)
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| 1891 | He was unmarried. | De Mortimer, Ralph (I25202)
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| 1892 | He was well educated and educated the Scythians so successefully that he was invited by Pharaoh Cingeris to talk in Egypt. He was given the daughter of the Pharaoh for a wife as well as the lands of Capacirunts, on the Red Sea. Niul and his son, Gaodhal, talked with Aaron when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt and camped outside of Capacirunt. Ancestry and Progeny of Captain James Blount - Inmigrant. by Robert Ffafman p. E- 18. | Niul (I26230)
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| 1893 | Hello fellow Harnden researchers: James Harnden, son of Ziba Harnden, was living with his wife Olive Dewey up in Haldimand, Ontario, where they had several children. In the 1861 Census, James and Olive were not included in the Haldimand Census, but Emma Richards and her new husband, Robert Boucher, were in a house and were taking care of James and Olive Harnden's six children, aged 14 down to 1. This must have been quite an undertaking for Emma, because she was only 15 years old herself! Emma Richards Boucher's mother was Emily Harnden, James Harnden's sister. Ziba was their father. Anyway in 1861, James and Olive were away somewhere. By the 1871 Haldimand Census, James Harnden is listed as "deaf and dumb." My question is, do any of you know what happened to James to make the census taker list him this way? Was he away in 1861 because of some accident he suffered? Is that what caused him to be deaf and dumb, or did he have a stroke or something similar? If any of you know the answer to this question, I'd greatly appreciate hearing from you. Actually, it would be nice to hear from any of you, anyway. Barbara Spain | Harnden, James (I6928)
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| 1894 | Henry I (of England) (1068-1135), third Norman king of England (1100-1135), fourth son of William the Conqueror. Henry was born in Selby. Because his father, who died in 1087, left him no land, Henry made several unsuccessful attempts to gain territories on the Continent. On the death of his brother William II in 1100, Henry took advantage of the absence of another brother-Robert, who had a prior claim to the throne-to seize the royal treasury and have himself crowned king at Westminster. Henry subsequently secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church. In 1101 Robert, who was duke of Normandy, invaded England, but Henry persuaded him to withdraw by promising him a pension and military aid on the Continent. In 1102 Henry put down a revolt of nobles, who subsequently took refuge in Normandy (Normandie), where they were aided by Robert. By defeating Robert at Tinchebray, France, in 1106, Henry won Normandy. During the rest of his reign, however, he constantly had to put down uprisings that threatened his rule in Normandy. The conflict between Henry and Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, over the question of lay investiture (the appointment of church officials by the king), was settled in 1107 by a compromise that left the king with substantial control in the matter. Because he had no surviving male heir, Henry was forced to designate his daughter Matilda as his heiress. After his death on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-Fôret, Normandy, however, Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, usurped the throne, plunging the country into a protracted civil war that ended only with the accession of Matilda's son, Henry II, in 1154. "Henry I (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Henry I (c.1068 - December 1, 1135), called variously Henry Beauclerk, Henri Beauclerc, or Henry Beauclerc because of his scholarly interests, was the third son of William the Conqueror. His reign as King of England extended from 1100 to 1135, succeeding his brother, William II Rufus. He also was known by the nickname "Lion of Justice", due to the refinements which he brought about in the rudimentary administrative and legislative machinery of the time. He seized power after the death of William II, which occurred (conveniently) during the absence of his brother Robert Curthose on the Crusades. His reign is noted for his opportunistic political skills, the aforementioned improvements in the machinery of government, the integration of the divided Anglo-Saxon and Normans within his kingom, his reuniting of the dominions of his father, and his controversial (although well-founded) decision to name his daughter as his heir. Early life Henry was born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby, Yorkshire in England. His mother, Queen Matilda of Flanders, named him after her uncle, King Henry I of France. As the youngest son of the family, he was most likely expected to become a bishop and was given extensive schooling for a young nobleman of that time period. William of Malmesbury asserts that Henry once remarked that an illiterate king was a crowned ass. He was probably the first Norman ruler to be fluent in the English language. His father William, upon his death in 1087, bequeathed his dominions to his sons in the following manner: " Robert received the Duchy of Normandy " William received the Kingdom of England " Henry received 5,000 pounds of silver Orderic Vitalis reports that King William declared to Henry: "You in your own time will have all the dominions I have acquired and be greater than both your brothers in wealth and power." Henry played both brothers off against each other. Eventually, wary of his devious manouevring, they acted together and signed an accession treaty which effectively disbarred Henry from either throne, stipulating that if either died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother. [edit] Seizing the throne of England When William II was killed by an arrow whilst hunting on August 2, 1100, however, Robert was returning from the First Crusade. His absence, along with his poor reputation among the Norman nobles, allowed Henry to seize the keys of the royal hoard at Winchester. He was accepted as king by the leading barons and was crowned three days later on August 5 at Westminster. He secured his position among the nobles by an act of political appeasement, issuing the Charter of Liberties, which is considered a forerunner of the Magna Carta. [edit] First marriage On November 11, 1100 Henry married Edith, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. Since Edith was also the niece of Edgar Atheling, the marriage united the Norman line with old English line of kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman barons, however, and as a concession to their sensibilities, Edith changed her named to Matilda upon becoming queen. The obverse side of this coin however was that Henry, by dint of his marriage, became far more acceptable to the Anglo-Saxon populace. William of Malmesbury describes Henry thusly: "He was of middle stature, greater than the small, but exceeded by the very tall; his hair was black and set back upon the forehead; his eyes mildly bright; his chest brawny; his body fleshy." [edit] Conquest of Normandy The following year in 1101, Robert Curthose attempted to seize back the crown by invading England. In the Treaty of Alton, Robert agreed to recognize Henry as king of England and return peacefully to Normandy, upon receipt of an annual sum of 2000 marks, which Henry proceeded to pay. In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert and to obviate the drain on his fiscal resources, Henry led an expeditionary force across the English Channel. In 1106, he decisively defeated his brother's Norman army at Tinchebray in Normandy. He imprisoned his brother, initially in the Tower of London, then subsequently at Devizes castle, and later at Cardiff. Henry appropriated the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of England, and reunited his father's dominions. He attempted to reduce difficulties in Normany by marrying his eldest son, William, to the daughter of the Count of Anjou, a serious enemy. [edit] Activities as a King Henry's need for finance to consolidate his position led to an increase in the activities of centralised government. As king, Henry carried out social and judicial reforms, including: " issuing the Charter of Liberties " restoring laws of King Edward the Confessor. Henry was also known for some brutal acts. He once threw a traitorous burgher named Conan Pilatus from the tower of Rouen; the tower was known from then on as "Conan's Leap". In another instance that took place in 1119, King Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph Harnec, the constable of Ivry, exchanged their children as hostages. When Eustace blinded Harnec's son, Harnec demanded vengeance. King Henry allowed Harnec to blind and mutiliate Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet his daughter at a parlay at Breteuil, only for Juliane to draw a crossbow and attempt to assassinate her father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later Henry was reconciled to his daughter and son-in-law. [edit] Legitimate children He had two children by Edith-Matilda before her death in 1118: Maud, born February 1102, and William Adelin, born November 1103. Disaster struck when his only legitimate son William Adelin perished in the wreck of the White Ship, on November 25, 1120, off the coast of Normandy. Also among the dead were two of Henry's bastard children, as well as a niece, Lucia-Mahaut de Blois. Henry's grieving was intense, and the succession was in crisis. [edit] Second marriage On January 29, 1121, he married Adeliza, daughter of Godfrey, Count of Louvain, but there were no children from this marriage. Left without male heirs, Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to accept his daughter Empress Maud, widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir. [edit] Death and legacy Henry visited Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons, the children of Maud and Geoffrey. He took great delight in his grandchildren, but soon quarreled with his daughter and son-in-law and these disputes led him to tarry in Normandy far longer than he originally planned. Henry died of food poisoning from eating foul lampreys in December, 1135, at St. Denis le Fermont in Normandy and was buried at Reading Abbey, which he himself had founded fourteen years before. Although Henry's barons had sworn allegiance to his daughter Maud as their queen, Maud's sex and her remarriage to the House of Anjou, an enemy of the Normans, allowed Henry's nephew Stephen of Boulogne to come to England and claim the throne with popular support. The struggle between Empress Maud and Stephen resulted in a long civil war known as the Anarchy. The dispute was eventually settled by Stephen's naming of Maud's son, Henry, as his heir in 1153. [edit] Illegitimate Children King Henry is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses, and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is documentation are: 1. Robert FitzRoy. His mother was probably a member of the Gai family. 2. Sibylla FitzRoy, married King Alexander I of Scotland. Probably the daughter of Sibyl Corbet. 3. Reginald FitzRoy. His mother was Sibyl Corbet. 4. Maud FitzRoy, married Duke Conan III, Duke of Brittany 5. Richard FitzRoy, perished in the wreck of the White Ship. His mother was Ansfride. 6. Fulk FitzRoy, a monk at Abingdon. His mother may have been Ansfride. 7. Juliane FitzRoy, married Eustace de Pacy. She tried to shoot her father with a crossbow after King Henry allowed her two young daughters to be blinded. Her mother may have been Ansfride. 8. Matilda FitzRoy, married Count Rotrou II of Perche, perished in the wreck of the White Ship. Her mother was Edith. 9. Constance FitzRoy, married Roscelin de Beaumont 10. Henry FitzRoy, died 1157. His mother was Princess Nest. 11. Mabel FitzRoy, married William III Gouet 12. Aline FitzRoy, married Matthieu I of Montmorency 13. Isabel FitzRoy, daughter of Isabel de Beaumont, sister of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. 14. Matilda FitzRoy, abbess of Montvilliers 15. Adeliza FitzRoy. Appears in charters with her brother Robert (below), she was probably daughter of Eda FitzForne. 16. Robert FitzRoy, died 1172. His mother was Eda FitzForne. 17. William de Tracy, died shortly after King Henry. 18. Gilbert FitzRoy, died after 1142. His mother may have been a sister of Walter de Gand. Final ruler of the House of Normandie Death place also given as Angers, Mn-et-Lr, or Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy, France. He had 13 wives. !Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 SURNAME: Also shown as England GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry I King Of SUFFIX: Also shown as [Beauclerc] BIRTH: Also shown as Born 1070 DEATH: Also shown as Died St Denis-le-, Fermont, Near Gisors. BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Reading Abbey. FamilySearch showed this additional information: Name - Description: Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England Norman | de Normandie, King of England Henry I (I7813)
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| 1895 | Henry II (of England) (1133-1189), king of England (1154-1189), first monarch of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet, an important administrative reformer, who was one of the most powerful European rulers of his time. Born March 5, 1133, at Le Mans, France, Henry became duke of Normandy in 1151. The following year, on the death of his father, he inherited the Angevin territories in France. By his marriage in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry added vast territories in southwestern France to his possessions. Henry claimed the English kingship through his mother, Matilda. She had been designated the heiress of Henry I but had been deprived of the succession by her cousin, Stephen of Blois, who made himself king. In 1153 Henry defeated Stephen's armies in England and compelled the king to choose him as his successor; on Stephen's death, the following year, Henry became king. During the first few years of his reign Henry quelled the disorders that had developed during Stephen's reign, regained the northern counties of England, which had previously been ceded to Scotland, and conquered North Wales. In 1171-1172 he began the Norman conquest of Ireland and in 1174 forced William the Lion, king of the Scots, to recognize him as overlord. In 1164 Henry became involved in a quarrel with Thomas à Becket, whom he had appointed archbishop of Canterbury. By the Constitutions of Clarendon, the king decreed that priests accused of crimes should be tried in royal courts; Becket claimed that such cases should be handled by ecclesiastical courts, and the controversy that followed ended in 1170 with Becket's murder by four of Henry's knights. Widespread indignation over the murder forced the king to rescind his decree and recognize Becket as a martyr. Although he failed to subject the church to his courts, Henry's judicial reforms were of lasting significance. In England he established a centralized system of justice accessible to all freemen and administered by judges who traveled around the country at regular intervals. He also began the process of replacing the old trial by ordeal with modern court procedures. From the beginning of his reign, Henry was involved in conflict with Louis VII, king of France, and later with Louis's successor, Philip II, over the French provinces that Henry claimed. A succession of rebellions against Henry, headed by his sons and furthered by Philip II and by Eleanor of Aquitaine, began in 1173 and continued until his death at Chinon, France, on July 6, 1189. Henry was succeeded by his son Richard I, called Richard the Lion-Hearted. "Henry II (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Henry II (March 5, 1133 - July 6, 1189), ruled as Duke of Anjou and as King of England (1154-1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. His sobriquets include "Curt Mantle" (because of the practical short cloaks he wore), "Fitz Empress," and sometimes "The Lion of Justice," which had also applied to his grandfather Henry I. He ranks as the first of the Plantagenet or Angevin Kings. Following the disputed reign of King Stephen, Henry's reign saw efficient consolidation. Henry II has acquired a reputation as one of England's greatest medieval kings. He was born on March 5, 1133 at Le Mans, to the Empress Maud and her second husband, Geoffrey the Fair, Count of Anjou. Brought up in Anjou, he visited England in 1149 to help his mother in her disputed claim to the English throne. Prior to coming to the throne he already controlled Normandy and Anjou on the continent; his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152 added her land holdings to his, including vast areas such as Touraine, Aquitaine, and Gascony. He thus effectively became more powerful than the king of France - with an empire (the Angevin Empire) that stretched from the Solway Firth almost to the Mediterranean and from the Somme to the Pyrenees. As king, he would make Ireland a part of his vast domain. He also maintained lively communication with the Emperor of Byzantium Manuel I Comnenus. In August 1152, Henry, previously occupied in fighting Eleanor's ex-husband Louis VII of France and his allies, rushed back to her, and they spent several months together. Around the end of November 1152 they parted: Henry went to spend some weeks with his mother and then sailed for England, arriving on 6 January 1153. Some historians believe that the couple's first child, William, Count of Poitiers, was born in 1153. During Stephen's reign the barons had subverted the state of affairs to undermine the monarch's grip on the realm; Henry II saw it as his first task to reverse this shift in power. For example, Henry had castles which the barons had built without authorisation during Stephen's reign torn down, and scutage, a fee paid by vassals in lieu of military service, became by 1159 a central feature of the king's military system. Record-keeping improved dramatically in order to streamline this taxation. Henry II established courts in various parts of England, and first instituted the royal practice of granting magistrates the power to render legal decisions on a wide range of civil matters in the name of the Crown. His reign saw the production of the first written legal textbook, providing the basis of today's "Common Law". By the Assize of Clarendon (1166), trial by jury became the norm. Since the Norman Conquest, jury trials had been largely replaced by trial by ordeal and "wager of battel" (which English law did not abolish until 1819). Provision of justice and landed security was futher toughened in 1176 with the Assize of Northampton, a build on the earlier agreements at Clarendon. This reform proved one of Henry's major contributions to the social history of England. As a consequence of the improvements in the legal system, the power of church courts waned. The church, not unnaturally, opposed this, and found its most vehement spokesman in Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, formerly a close friend of Henry's, and his Chancellor. Henry had appointed Becket to the archbishopric precisely because he wanted to avoid conflict. The conflict with Becket effectively began with a dispute over whether the secular courts could try clergy who had committed a secular offence. Henry attempted to subdue Becket and his fellow churchmen by making them swear to obey the "customs of the realm", but controversy ensued over what constituted these customs, and the church proved reluctant to submit. Following a heated exchange at Henry's court, Becket left England in 1164 for France to solicit in person the support of Pope Alexander III, who was in exile in France due to dissention in the college of Cardinals, and of King Louis VII of France. Due to his own precarious position, Alexander remained neutral in the debate, although Becket remained in exile loosely under the protection of Louis and Pope Alexander until 1170. After a reconciliation between Henry and Thomas in Normandy in 1170, Becket returned to England. Becket again confronted Henry, this time over the coronation of Prince Henry (see below). The much-quoted, although probably apochryphal, words of Henry II echo down the centuries: "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?" Although Henry's violent rants against Becket over the years were well documented, this time four of his knights took their king literally (as he may have intended for them to do, although he later denied it) and travelled immediately to England, where they assassinated Becket in Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170. As part of his penance for the death of Becket, Henry agreed to send money to the Crusader states in Palestine, which the Knights Hospitaller and the Knights Templar would guard until such time as Henry arrived to make use of it on pilgrimage or crusade. Henry delayed his crusade for many years, and in the end never went at all, despite a visit to him by Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem in 1184 and being offered the crown of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1188 he levied the Saladin tithe to pay for a new crusade; the chronicler Giraldus Cambrensis suggested his death was a divine punishment for the tithe, imposed to raise money for an abortive crusade to recapture Jerusalem, which had fallen to Saladin in 1187.) Henry's first son, William, Count of Poitiers, had died in infancy. In 1170, Henry and Eleanor's fifteen-year-old son, Henry, was crowned king, but he never actually ruled and does not figure in the list of the monarchs of England; he became known as Henry the Young King to distinguish him from his nephew Henry III of England. Henry and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, had five sons and three daughters: William, Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John, Matilda, Eleanor, and Joan. Henry's attempts to wrest control of her lands from Eleanor (and from her heir Richard) led to confrontations between Henry on the one side and his wife and legitimate sons on the other. Henry's notorious liaison with Rosamund Clifford, the "fair Rosamund" of legend, probably began in 1165, during one of his Welsh campaigns, and continued until her death in 1176. However, it was not until 1174, at around the time of his break with Eleanor, that Henry acknowledged Rosamund as his mistress. Almost simultaneously, he began negotiating to divorce Eleanor and marry Alys, daughter of King Louis VII of France and already betrothed to Henry's son, Richard. Henry's affair with Alys continued for some years, and, unlike Rosamund Clifford, Alys allegedly gave birth to one of Henry's illegitimate children. Henry also had a number of illegitimate children by various women, and Eleanor had several of those children reared in the royal nursery with her own children; some remained members of the household in adulthood. Among them were William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, whose mother was Ida, Countess of Norfolk; Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, son of a woman named Ykenai; Morgan, Bishop of Durham; and Matilda, Abbess of Barking. Henry II's attempt to divide his titles amongst his sons but keep the power associated with them provoked them into trying to take control of the lands assigned to them (see Revolt of 1173-1174), which amounted to treason, at least in Henry's eyes. Gerald of Wales reports that when King Henry gave the kiss of peace to his son Richard, he said softly, "May the Lord never permit me to die until I have taken due vengeance upon you." When Henry's legitimate sons rebelled against him, they often had the help of King Louis VII of France. Henry the Young King died in 1183. A horse trampled to death another son, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany (1158-1186). Henry's third son, Richard the Lionheart (1157-1199), with the assistance of Philip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189; Henry died at the Chateau Chinon on July 6, 1189 and lies entombed in Fontevraud Abbey, near Chinon and Saumur in the Anjou Region of present-day France. Henry's illegitimate son Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, also stood by him the whole time and alone among his sons attended on Henry's death-bed. Richard the Lionheart then became king of England. He was followed by King John, the youngest son of Henry II, laying aside the claims of Geoffrey's children Arthur of Brittany and Eleanor. Peter of Blois left a description of Henry II in 1177: "...the lord king has been red-haired so far, except that the coming of old age and gray hair has altered that color somewhat. His height is medium, so that neither does he appear great among the small, nor yet does he seem small among the great... curved legs, a horseman's shins, broad chest, and a boxer's arms all announce him as a man strong, agile and bold... he never sits, unless riding a horse or eating... In a single day, if necessary, he can run through four or five day-marches and, thus foiling the plots of his enemies, frequently mocks their plots with surprise sudden arrivals...Always are in his hands bow, sword, spear and arrow, unless he be in council or in books." !Concubines: 1) Ykenal or Hikenai, 2) ___, 3) ___, 4) Rosamond Clifford. He reigned from 1154-89, the first of the ANGEVIN kings. By marrying Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine in 1152, he acquired vast lands in France. His policy of establishing royal authority in England led to Thomas A. Becket's murder. Henry made many legal and judicial reforms. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Micheal Call, Chart 301 - # 2 BIRTH: Also shown as Born Le mans, France. BIRTH: Also shown as Born 05 Mar 1133 DEATH: Also shown as Died Chinon Castle, France. BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Fontevraud Abbey. FamilySearch showed this additional information: Birth - Date: 05 May 1133 Place: , LeManns, France | Angevin, King of England Henry II (I7430)
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| 1896 | Henry III (of England) (1207-1272), king of England (1216-1272), son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king. "Henry III (of England)," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Henry III (October 1, 1207 - November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. He was also the first child monarch in English royal history. He was born in 1207, the son of King John of England and Isabella of Angouleme. According to Nicholas Trevet, Henry was a thickset man of medium height, with a narrow forehead and a drooping left eyelid (inherited by his son, Edward I). On John's death, Henry, aged nine, was hastily crowned in Gloucester, as the barons who had been supporting the invasion of Prince Louis of France in order to ensure John's deposition quickly saw the young prince as a safer option. Henry's regents immediately declared their intention to rule by Magna Carta which they did during Henry's minority. Magna Carta was reissued in 1217 as a sign of goodwill to the barons. The country was ruled by regents until 1227. When Henry reached majority, however, he was keen to restore royal authority, looking towards the autocratic model of the French monarchy. Henry married Eleanor of Provence and he promoted many of his French relatives to power and wealth. For instance, one Poitevin, Peter des Riveaux, held the offices of treasurer of the household, keeper of the king's wardrobe, keeper of the privy seal, and the sheriffdoms of twenty-one English counties simultaneously. Henry's tendency to govern for long periods with no publicly appointed ministers who could be held accountable for their actions and decisions did not make matters any easier. Many English barons came to see his method of governing as foreign. Henry himself, on the other hand, was much taken with the cult of the Anglo-Saxon saint king Edward the Confessor who had been canonized in 1161. Told that St Edward dressed austerely, Henry took to doing the same and wearing only the simplest of robes. He had a mural of the saint painted in his bedchamber for inspiration before and after sleep, and, of course, he named his eldest son after him. Henry designated Westminster, where St Edward had founded the abbey, as the fixed seat of power in England and Westminster Hall duly became the greatest ceremonial space of the kingdom, where the council of nobles also met. Henry appointed French architects from Rheims for the renovation of Westminster Abbey in Gothic style, and work began at great expense in 1245. The centrepiece of Henry's renovated Westminster Abbey was to be a shrine to the confessor king, Edward. Henry was extremely pious, and his journeys were often delayed by his insistance on hearing Mass several times a day. He took so long to arrive on a visit to the French court that his brother-in-law, King Louis IX of France, banned priests from Henry's route. On one occasion, as related by Roger of Wendover, when King Henry met with papal prelates, he said, "If [the prelates] knew how much I, in my reverence of God, am afraid of them and how unwilling I am to offend them, they would trample on me as on an old and worn-out shoe." Henry's advancement of foreign favorites, notably his wife's Savoyard uncles and his own Lusignan half-siblings, was unpopular among his subjects and barons. He was also extravagant and avaricious; when his first child, Prince Edward was born, Henry demanded the Londoners bring him rich gifts to celebrate, and even sent back gifts that did not please him. Matthew Paris reports that some said, "God gave us this child, but the king sells him to us." Henry's reign came to be marked by civil strife, as the English barons led by de Montfort demanded more say in the running of the kingdom. French-born Simon de Montfort had originally been one of the foreign upstarts so loathed by many as Henry's foreign councillors; after he married Henry's sister Eleanor without consulting Henry, a feud developed between the two. Their relationship reached a crisis in the 1250s when de Montfort was put on trial for actions he took as lieutenant of Gascony, the last remaining Plantagenet land across the English Channel. Henry also became embroiled in funding a war in Sicily on behalf of the Pope in return for a title for his second son Edmund, a state of affairs which made many barons fearful that Henry was following in the footsteps of his father and needed to be keeped in check, just as King John had. De Montfort became leader of those who wanted to reassert Magna Carta and force the king to surrender more power to the baronial council. In 1258 seven leading barons forced Henry to agree to the Provisions of Oxford which effectively abolished the absolutist Anglo-Norman monarchy, giving power to a council of fifteen barons to deal with the business of government and providing for a three yearly meeting of parliament to monitor their performance. Henry was forced to take part in the swearing of a collective oath to the Provisions of Oxford. In the following years, those supporting de Montfort and those supporting the king grew more and more polarised; Henry obtained a papal bull in 1261 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies, the Royalists under Edward Longshanks, Henry's eldest son. Civil War (known as the Second Barons' War) followed. The charismatic de Montfort and his forces had captured most of southeastern England by 1263 and at the Battle of Lewes on May 14, 1264, Henry was defeated and taken prisoner by de Montfort's army. While Henry was reduced to a figurehead king, de Montfort broadened representation to include each county of England and many important towns - i.e. to groups beyond the nobility. Henry and Edward continued under house arrest. The short period which followed was the closest England was to come to complete abolition of the monarchy until the Commonwealth period of 1649-1660, and many of the barons who had initially supported de Montfort began to suspect that he had gone too far with his reforming zeal. But only fifteen months later Edward Longshanks had escaped captivity to lead the royalists into battle again, and turned the tables on de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Following this victory savage retribution was exacted on the rebels. Henry's shrine to Edward the Confessor was finally finished in 1269 and the saint's relics were installed. From about 1270, Henry effectively gave up the reins of government to his son. He died in 1272 and his body was lain temporarily in the tomb of the Confessor while his own sarcophagus was constructed in Westminster Abbey. Henry was succeded by his son, Edward I of England. In the Divine Comedy Dante sees Henry ("the king of simple life") sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with other contemporary European rulers. Marriage and children Married on January 14, 1236, Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England to Eleanor of Provence, with at least five children born: 1. Edward I (1239-1307) 2. Margaret (1240-1275), married King Alexander III of Scotland 3. Beatrice (1242-1275), married to John II, Duke of Brittany 4. Edmund Crouchback (1245-1296) 5. Katharine (1253-1257) Note: there is reason to doubt the existence of several attributed children of Henry and Eleanor. Richard, John, and Henry are known only from a 14th century additions made to a manuscript of Flores historiarum, and are nowhere contemporaneously recorded. William is an error for the nephew of Henry's half-brother, William de Valence. Another daughter, Matilda, is found only in the Hayles abbey chronicle, alongside such other fictitious children as a son named William for King John, and a bastard son named John for King Edward I. Matilda's existence is doubtful, at best. For further details, see Margaret Howell's The Children of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence (1992). !or born 1 Oct 1206 Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Micheal Call, Chart 201 - # 8 GEN: See Historical Document. DEATH: Also shown as Died Westminster, London, Middlesex, England. BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England. | Plantagenet, King Of England Henry III (I7777)
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| 1897 | Henry the Young King (February 28, 1155-June 11, 1183) was the second of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Henry was a younger maternal half-brother of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France. He was a younger brother of William, Count of Poitiers. He was also an older brother to Matilda of England, Richard I of England, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Leonora of Aquitaine , Joan Plantagenet and John of England. Fostered by Thomas à Becket, in June 1170 the fifteen-year-old Henry was crowned king during his father's lifetime, but he never actually ruled and is not counted among the monarchs of England. There is a story that at the banquet following his coronation, he was waited on by his father, who remarked what a rare honor it was to be waited on by a king; the younger Henry replied that it was only fitting for the son of a count to wait on the son of a king. He is now known as "Henry the Young King" to distinguish him from his nephew Henry III of England. He broke with his father and allied with his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine and brothers in a civil war (1173-74) in which he tried to wrest the power of the crown from his father. When he died at the age of 28 of dysentery, during the middle of a second rebellion, his father is said to have exclaimed: "He cost me much, but I wish he had lived to cost me more." The historian W. L. Warren said of him, "The Young Henry was the only one of his family who was popular in his own day. It was true that he was also the only one who gave no evidence of political sagacity, military skill, or even ordinary intelligence?", and elaborated in a later book, "He was gracious, benign, affable, courteous, the soul of liberality and generosity. Unfortunately he was also shallow, vain, careless, empty-headed, incompetent, improvident, and irresponsible." Henry did not seem much interested in the day-to-day business of government, or in the subtleties of military tactics. Instead he spent much of his time at tournaments or meddling in the affairs of his brothers. Henry the Young King was betrothed to Marguerite of France, daughter of King Louis VII of France by his second wife Constance of Castile, on November 2, 1160. They married on August 27, 1172. Her maternal grandparents were Alfonso VII of Castile and Berenguela of Barcelona. Berenguela was a daughter of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona by his third wife Douce of Provence. The only child of Henry and Marguerite was William, born prematurely on June 19, 1177, and dying on June 22 of the same year. This difficult delivery seems to have rendered her sterile, as she had no further children by Henry or her second husband. In 1182 Henry accused her of having a love affair with the famed knight William Marshal. Henry repudiated his wife and sent her back to France, and exiled Marshal from his court. Marshal offered to prove his innocence via trial by combat, but this offer was refused. Henry the Young King died of dysentery in 1183, while in rebellion against his father. On his deathbed he reportedly asked to be reconciled to his father, but King Henry, fearing a trick, refused to see him. His brothers Richard the Lionheart and John Lackland both later became king. GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry Prince of England BIRTH: Also shown as Born Bermondsey. DEATH: Also shown as Died Martel. DEATH: Also shown as Died 11 Jun 1182/1183 | Angevin, King of England Henry (I7797)
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| 1898 | Hephsibah was the twin of Mary | Harnden, Hephsibah (I6772)
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| 1899 | his individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: Llewellyn /LLEWELLYN/ (AFN:91QG-JB) and Joan, Of /ENGLAND/ (AFN:8XJ8-0X) or Tanglwy V /LLYWARCH/ (AFN:91QG-KH) Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, By Michael Call, Chart 326 - # 5 | verch Llewellyn, Fawr Gwladys (I25207)
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| 1900 | his individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: /FERRIERES OR FERRERS (AFN:9G90-52) and Unknown | de Ferrers, Agatha (I24824)
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