New France Genealogy

Montjoie Saint Denis!

Notes

Matches 1,151 to 1,200 of 3,768

#	Notes	Linked to
1151	AKA Harold Blantand or Bluetooth. King of Denmark 931 -979. There if a period of 38 years where no king of Denmark is listed, probabley Harold Parcus and Gormo Del Gammel are the missing Kings. Harold is listed as both Both Harold VII and Harold VIII There is a problem in this line, in this area, both Harde Knud and Frotho VI, King of Denmark, are listed as the father of Gromo; who was the father of Harold" Blantand"( Bluetooth), King of Denmark (910 - 986). Harolds mother is listed as Sida and/or Thyre - Gormo's Wives. More research needs to be done in this area. Harold Gormosson is listed in Scandinavian Mythology as Harald "Wartooth" and/or Harald "Greycloak", who was bapitized a Christian by the priest, Poppo. He has the frist Christian King of Denmark. Ancesrry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-33.	King Of Denmark Harold (Herbastus) (I23952)
1152	AKA Hearnden He was know as ?The Writer? and was made a godson of Queen Elizabeth. He studied at Christ College, Cambridge, and took an A.M. degree. He began the study of law in London, but abandoned it and went to Kelston at the death of his father. Here he continued the building of the manor house begun by John the elder. He spent much time in court where he was popular for his wit and humor. He gained fame of a sort by introducing piped water in the Kelston house and for perfecting and installing the first modern type of flush water closet in history. He wrote a humorous book about his entitled THE METAMORPHASIS OF AJAX in which one illustration showed fish swimming in the storage tank near the ceiling. Among his other writings were a translation of ORLANDO FUSIOSO, a TREATISE ON PLAY and several poems. Late in life he translated into English verse from the Latin the teachings of the ancient Medical School at Salerno, Italy, which were highly regarded in the England of that day. It was entitled THE ENGLISH DOCTOR or THE SCHOOL OF SALERNE. John married Mary Rogers of a prominent Somerset family. She was a devout Puritan and gradually influenced him away from the license of the court to more sober channels. The following little poem by his shows his love for her: Your little dog that barked as I came by I struck by hap so hard, I made him cry; And straight you put your finger in your eye And lowering sat. I asked the reason why, ?Love me and love my dog: thou didst reply ?Love as both should be loved!. ?I will?, said I, And sealed it with a kiss. Then by and by Cleared were the clouds of thy fair frowning sky; Thus small events great masteries may try. John became High Sheriff of Somerset and was knighted while on a expedition for the conquest of Ireland. Queen Elizabeth, his patroness, died in 1603, and Sir John retired permanently to Kelston. Misfortunes came upon him. He had spent large sums in the building of the manor house. He became involved in litigation with the Rogers family, and, in addition, was compelled to pay a large sum which he had pledged to maintain the credit of a Harington relative, he was briefly imprisoned. In a sober and serious mood, he returned to Kelston and died in 1612 at the age of 51 years.	Harrington, Sir Knight John (I6941)
1153	At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Living (I19314)
1154	AKA MALTE	Dingley, Ethelreda (I8098)
1155	AKA Mathilde, Countess of Flanders.	de Bourgogne, Princess Mechild (Maud) (I25707)
1156	aka Tiptoft	Tibetot, Sir John (I24758)
1157	Alfonso IX of León (August 15, 1171 - September 23 or 24, 1230; ruled from 1188-1230), first cousin of Alfonso VIII of Castile, and numbered next to him as being a junior member of the family, is said by Ibn Khaldun to have been called the Baboso or "Slobberer", because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth. Alfonso was the only son of King Ferdinand II of Leon and Urraca of Portugal. Though he took a part in the work of the reconquest, this king is chiefly remembered by the difficulties into which his successive marriages led him with the pope. He was first married in 1191 to his cousin Teresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the pope, to whom Alfonso paid no attention till he was presumably tired of his wife. It cannot have been his conscience which constrained him to leave Teresa, for his next step was to marry Berenguela of Castile in 1197, who was his second cousin. For this act of contumacy the king and kingdom were placed under interdict. The pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that if the people could not obtain the services of religion they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berenguela left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom by will. Alfonso's children were: 1. Fernando, died 1214 2. Sancha (c.1195-before 1243) 3. Dulce (1194-after 1243) 4. King Fernando III 5. Alfonso (1203-1272) 6. Berenguela, married John of Brienne 7. Constanza (1200-1242) 8. Leonor, died in infancy King of Leon (1188-1230). In 1197 he married Berengaria. Pope Innocent II annulled the marriage in 1214 because of the family relationship of Alfonso and Berengaria. Alfonso founded the University of Salamanca and captured Caceres, Badajoz, and Merida from the Muslim Almohads. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 321 - # 2. SURNAME: Also shown as Castile PREFIX: Also shown as King Of Castle BIRTH: Also shown as Born Zamora. BIRTH: Also shown as Born 1166/1173 DEATH: Also shown as Died Villanueva de Sarria.	Ivrea, king of León and Galicia Alfonso IX (I7967)
1158	Alfonso VIII (November 11, 1155 - October 5, 1214), king of Castile and grandson of Alfonso VII, is a great name in Spanish history, for he led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohades at the battle of the Navas de Tolosa in 1212. His personal history is that of many medieval kings. He succeeded to the throne, in infancy, on the death of his father, Sancho. Though proclaimed king, he was regarded as a mere name by the unruly nobles to whom a minority was convenient. The devotion of a squire of his household, who carried him on the pommel of his saddle to the stronghold of San Esteban de Gormaz, saved him from falling into the hands of the contending factions of Castro and Lara, or of his uncle Ferdinand of León, who claimed the regency. The loyalty of the town of Ávila protected his youth. He was barely fifteen when he came forth to do a man's work by restoring his kingdom to order. It was only by a surprise that he recovered his capital Toledo from the hands of the Laras. His marriage with Leonora of Aquitaine, daughter of Henry II of England, brought him under the influence of the greatest governing intellect of his time. Alfonso VIII was the founder of the first Spanish university, the studium generale of Palencia, which, however, did not survive him. During his reign, Castile annexed the province of Logroño. In 1176, Alfonso married Eleonor Plantagenet, daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife Eleonor of Aquitaine. They had 12 children: " Berenguela, or Berenguaria, Queen of Castile (1180-1246), married to Conrad of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia, and then to Alfonso IX, King of León; succeeded her brother, Henry I " Sancho, prince of Castile (1181) " Sancha, princess of Castile (1182-1184) " Urraca, princess of Castile (1186-1220), married to Alfonso II of Portugal " Blanche, a.k.a Blanche of Castile, princess of Castile (1188-1252), married to Louis VIII of France " Ferdinand, prince of Castile (1189-1211) " Mafalda, princess of Castile (1191-1204) " Henry, prince of Castile (1192 - 1190s) " Constance or Constanza, princess of Castile (1196 - late 1190s) " Eleonor or Eleanor, princess of Castile (1202-1244), married to James I of Aragon " Henry I of Castile (1204-1217) succeeded his father. " Constance or Constanza, princess of Castile (?-1243), abbess of Las Huelgas !King of Castile (1158-1214); he succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Sancho III. Troubled by interference from Navarre in his youth, he later allied Castile with Aragon, forming a connection that was eventually to become the basis for the unification of Spain. Alfonso also established Castilian dominance over Leon. From the 1170's, he was occupied with resisting encroachments by the Almohads, Muslim invaders from Northern Africa. Defeated by the Muslim caliph Ykub al-Mansur (c. 1160-99) at Alarcos in 1195, Alfonso and his allies won a major victory over the Muslim comnmander al-Nasir at Navas de Tolosa in 1212. SURNAME: Also shown as Castile GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Alphonso PREFIX: Also shown as King Of Castle BIRTH: Also shown as Born Soria. DEATH: Also shown as Died Gutierre Munoz. DEATH: Also shown as Died 06 Oct 1214 BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas.	De Castille, King of Castile / King of Toledo Alfonso VIII (I7844)
1159	Alfred (849? - 26 October 899) (sometimes spelt Ælfred) was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is famous for his defence of the kingdom against the Danes (Vikings), becoming as a result the only English monarch to be awarded the epithet "the Great" by his people. Details of his life are known as a result of a work by the Welsh scholar, Asser. A learned man, Alfred encouraged education and improved the kingdom's law system. Childhood Alfred was born sometime between 847 and 849 AD at Wantage in Berkshire (alterations to county borders in 1974 mean that Wantage is now part of Oxfordshire), the fourth son of King Ethelwulf of Wessex (or Aethelwulf), most likely by his first wife, Osburh. He succeeded his brother, Ethelred I, as King of Wessex and Mercia in 871. He seems to have been a child of singular attractiveness and promise, and tales of his boyhood were remembered. At five years old, in 853, he is said to have been sent to Rome, where he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV, who is also said to have "anointed him as king." Later writers took this as an anticipatory crowning in preparation for his ultimate succession to the throne of Wessex. That, however, could not have been foreseen in 853, as Alfred had three elder brothers living. It is likely to be understood either of investiture with the consular insignia or possibly with some titular royalty such as that of the under-kingdom of Kent. This tale is likely apocryphal, though in 854-855 Alfred almost certainly did go with his father on a pilgrimage to Rome, spending some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks. In 858, Ethelwulf died. [edit] Public life During the short reigns of his two eldest brothers, Ethelbald and Ethelbert, nothing is heard of Alfred. But with the accession of the third brother, Ethelred, in 866 the public life of Alfred began, and he began his great work of delivering England from the Danes. It is in this reign that Asser applies to Alfred the unique title of secundarius, which seems to show a position akin to that of the Celtic tanist, a recognized successor, closely associated with the reigning prince. It is likely that this arrangement was sanctioned by the Witenagemot, to guard against the danger of a disputed succession should Aethelred fall in battle. The arrangement of crowning a successor as co-king, however, is well-known among Germanic tribes, such as the Swedes, and the Franks, with whom the Anglo-Saxons had close ties (see diarchy and Germanic king). In 868 Alfred married Ealhswith, daughter of Aethelred Mucill, who is called ealdorman of the Gaini, a folk who dwelt in Lincolnshire about Gainsborough. She was the granddaughter of a former King of Mercia, and they had five or six children, one a daughter, Ethelfleda, who would become queen of Mercia in her own right. The same year Alfred, fighting beside his brother Ethelred, made an unsuccessful attempt to relieve Mercia from the pressure of the Danes. For nearly two years Wessex had a respite. But at the end of 870 the storm burst; and the year which followed has been rightly called "Alfred's year of battles." Nine general engagements were fought with varying fortune, though the place and date of two of them have not been recorded. A successful skirmish at Battle of Englesfield, Berkshire (31 December 870), was followed by a severe defeat at the Battle of Reading (4 January 871), and this, four days later, by the brilliant victory of Battle of Ashdown, near Compton Beauchamp in Shrivenham Hundred. On 22 January 871 the English were again defeated at Basing, and on 22 March 871 at Marton, Wiltshire, the two unidentified battles having perhaps occurred in the interval. [edit] Accession In April Ethelred died, and Alfred succeeded to the whole burden of the contest. While he was busied with the burial and associated ceremonies for his brother, the Danes defeated the English in his absence at an unnamed spot, and once more in his presence at Wilton in May. After this peace was made, and for the next five years the Danes were occupied in other parts of England, Alfred merely keeping a force of observation on the border. But in 876, the Danes, under a new leader, Guthrum, slipped past him and attacked Wareham. From there, early in 877 and under the pretext of talks, they made a dash westwards and took Exeter. Here Alfred blockaded them, and a relieving fleet having been scattered by a storm, the Danes had to submit and withdraw to Mercia. But in January 878 they made a sudden swoop on Chippenham, a royal stronghold in which Alfred had been keeping his Christmas, "and most of the people they reduced, except the King Alfred, and he with a little band made his way ... by wood and swamp, and after Easter he ... made a fort at Athelney, and from that fort kept fighting against the foe" (Chronicle). A legend tells how, while a fugitive in the marshes of Athelney near North Petherton in Somerset, after the first Danish invasion, he was given shelter by a peasant woman who, ignorant of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire. Preoccupied with the problems of the kingdom, Alfred let the cakes burn, and was taken to task by the woman on her return. Upon realizing the king's identity, the woman apologized profusely, but Alfred insisted that he was the one who needed to apologize. The thought that Alfred, during his retreat at Athelney, was a helpless fugitive rests upon the legend of the cakes. In truth he was organizing victory. At about the same time, he is supposed to have disguised himself as a harpist to gain entry to Guthrum's camp and discover his plans. By the middle of May, his preparations were complete and he moved out of Athelney, being joined on the way by the levies of Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire. The Danes on their side moved out of Chippenham, and the two armies met at the Battle of Edington in Wiltshire. The result was a decisive victory for Alfred. The Danes submitted. Guthrum, the Danish king, and twenty-nine of his chief men took baptism. As a result, England became split into two, the south-western half kept by the Saxons and the north-eastern half becoming known as the Danelaw. By the next year (879) not only Wessex, but Mercia, west of Watling Street, was cleared of the invader. This is the arrangement known to historians as the peace of Wedmore (878), though no document inbodying its provisions is in existence. Though for the time being the north-eastern half of England, including London, was in the hands of the Danes, in truth the tide had turned. For the next few years there was peace, the Danes being kept busy in Europe. A landing in Kent in 884 or 885, though successfully repelled, encouraged the East Anglian Danes to rise up. The measures taken by Alfred to repress this uprising culminated in the taking of London in 885 or 886, and the treaty known as Alfred and Guthrum's peace, whereby the boundaries of the treaty of Wedmore (with which this is often mistaken) were materially modified to Alfred's gain. Once more for a time there was a lull; but in the fall of 892 or 893 the last storm burst. The Danes, finding their position in Europe becoming more and more precarious, crossed to England in two divisions, amounting in the aggregate to 330 sail, and entrenched themselves, the larger body at Appledore, England and the lesser under Haesten at Milton in Kent. The fact that the new invaders brought their wives and children with them shows that this was no mere raid, but a meaningful attempt, in concert with the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes, to conquer England. Alfred, in 893 or 894, took up a position whence he could observe both forces. While he was in talks with Haesten the Danes at Appledore broke out and struck north-westwards, but were overtaken by Alfred's eldest son, Edward, and defeated in a general engagement at Farnham, and driven to take refuge in Thorney Island in the Hertfordshire Colne, where they were blockaded and ultimately compelled to submit. They then fell back on Essex, and after suffering another defeat at Benfleet coalesced with Haesten's force at Shoebury. Alfred had been on his way to relieve his son at Thorney when he heard that the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes were besieging Exeter and an unnamed stronghold on the North Devon shore. Alfred at once hurried westward and raised the siege of Exeter; the fate of the other place is not recorded. Meanwhile the force under Haesten set out to march up the Thames Valley, possibly with the idea of assisting their friends in the west. But they were met by a large force under the three great ealdormen of Mercia, Wiltshire and Somerset, and made to head off to the north-west, being finally overtaken and blockaded at Buttington, which some identify with Buttington Tump at the mouth of the Wye River, others with Buttington near Welshpool. An attempt to break through the English lines was defeated with loss; those who escaped retreated to Shoebury. Then after collecting reinforcements they made a sudden dash across England and occupied the ruined Roman walls of Chester. The English did not attempt a winter blockade, but contented themselves with destroying all the supplies in the neighbourhood. And early in 894 (or 895) want of food obliged the Danes to retire once more to Essex. At the end of this year and early in 895 (or 896) the Danes drew their ships up the Thames and Lea and fortified themselves twenty miles above London. A direct attack on the Danish lines failed, but later in the year Alfred saw a means of obstructing the river so as to prevent the egress of the Danish ships. The Danes realized that they were out-maneuvred. They struck off north-westwards and wintered at Bridgenorth. The next year, 896 (or 897), they gave up the struggle. Some retired to Northumbria, some to East Anglia; those who had no connections in England withdrew to the continent. The long campaign was over. The result testifies to the confidence inspired by Alfred's character and generalship, and to the efficacy of the military reforms initiated by him. These were: 1. the division of the fyrd or national militia into two, relieving each other at set intervals, so as to ensure continuity in military operations; 2. the building of strongholds (burgs) and garrisons at certain points; 3. the enforcement of the obligations of thanehood on all owners of five hides of land, thus giving the king a nucleus of highly equipped troops. [edit] Reference " Sir Francis Palgrave, History of the Anglo-Saxons (1876), pg. 102 [edit] Reorganization After the dispersal of the Danish invaders Alfred turned his attention to the increase of the royal navy, and ships were built according to the king's own designs, partly to repress the ravages of the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes on the coasts of Wessex, partly to prevent the landing of fresh hordes. This is not, as often asserted, the beginning of the English navy. There had been earlier naval operations under Alfred. One naval engagement was certainly fought under Aethelwulf (in 851), and earlier ones, possibly in 833 and 840. The partisan Anglo-Saxon Chronicle credits Alfred with the construction of a new type of boat, 'swifter, steadier and also higher/more responsive (hierran) than the others'; but these new ships were not a great success, as we hear of them grounding in action and foundering in a storm. But both the Royal Navy and the United States Navy claim Alfred as the founder of their traditions. Alfred's main fighting force was separated into two, 'so that there was always half at home and half out' (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). The level of organisation required to mobilise his large army in two shifts of which one was feeding the other must have been considerable. The complexity which Alfred's administration had attained by 892 is demonstrated by a reasonably reliable charter whose witness list includes a thesaurius, cellararius and pincerna-treasurer, food-keeper and butler. Despite the irritation which Alfred must have felt in 893, when one division, which had 'completed their call-up (stemn)' gave up the siege of a Danish army even as Alfred was moving to relieve them, this system seems to have worked remarkably well on the whole. One of the weaknesses of pre-Alfredian defences had been that, in the absence of a standing army, fortresses were largely left unoccupied, making it very possible for a Viking force quickly to secure a strong strategic position. Alfred substantially upgraded the state of many of Wessex's fortresses, as has been demonstrated by systematic excavation of four West Saxon boroughs (at Wareham, Cricklade, Lydford and Wallingford) that "in every case the rampart associated by the excavators with the borough of the Alfredian period was the primary defence on the site" (N.P. Brooks The Development of Military Obligations in Eighth and Ninth Century England). We know that such defences were not constructed by the occasional Danish occupiers, thanks to surviving transcripts of the formidable 11th Century administrative manuscript known as the Burghal Hidage, dated within 20 years of Alfred's death-it may well date to Alfred's reign, and it almost certainly reflects Alfredian policy. This documents the established position of these four burhs, among many others, as permanently garrisoned and maintained fortress-towns. By comparing town plans of Wallingford and Wareham with that of Winchester, one can see 'that they were laid out in the same scheme' (P. Wormald in J. Campbell, ed., The Anglo-Saxons). This supports the proposition that these newly established burhs were planned as centres of habitation and trade as well as a place of safety in moments of immediate danger. The 'Burghal Hidage' sets out the obligations for the upkeep and defence of these towns; in this way, the English population and its wealth was drawn into towns where it was not only safer from Viking soldiers, but also taxable by the King. Alfred is thus credited with a significant degree of civil re-organization, especially in the districts ravaged by the Danes. Even if one rejects the thesis crediting the 'Burghal Hidage' to Alfred, what is undeniable is that, in the parts of Mercia acquired by Alfred from the Vikings, the shire system seems now to have been introduced for the first time. This is at least one grain of truth in the legend that Alfred was the inventor of shires, hundreds and tithings. The finances also needed attention; but the subject is obscure, and we cannot accept Asser's description of Alfred's appropriation of his revenue as more than an ideal sketch. Alfred's care for the administration of justice is testified both by history and legend; and the title "protector of the poor" was his by unquestioned right. Of the action of the Witangemot we do not hear very much under Alfred. That he was anxious to respect its rights is conclusively proved, but both the circumstances of the time and the character of the king would tend to throw more power into his hands. The legislation of Alfred probably belongs to the later part of the reign, after the pressure of the Danes had relaxed. [edit] Foreign relations Asser speaks grandiosely of Alfred's relations with foreign powers, but little definite information is available. He certainly corresponded with Elias III, the patriarch of Jerusalem, and probably sent a mission to India. Embassies to Rome conveying the English alms to the Pope were fairly frequent; while Alfred's interest in foreign countries is shown by the insertions which he made in his translation of Orosius. Around 890 Wulfstan of Haithabu undertook a journey from Haithabu on Jutland along the Baltic Sea to the Prussian trading town Truso. Wulfstan reported details of his trip to Alfred the Great. His relations to the Celtic princes in the southern half of the island are clearer. Comparatively early in his reign the Welsh princes, owing to the pressure on them of North Wales and Mercia, commended themselves to Alfred. Later in the reign the North Welsh followed their example, and the latter co-operated with the English in the campaign of 893 (or 894). That Alfred sent alms to Irish as well as to European monasteries may be taken on Asser's authority; the visit of the three pilgrim "Scots" (i.e., Irish) to Alfred in 891 is undoubtedly authentic; the story that he himself in his childhood was sent to Ireland to be healed by St. Modwenna, though mythical, may show Alfred's interest in that island. [edit] Christianity and literature The history of the church under Alfred is most obscure. The Danish inroads had told heavily upon it; the monasteries had been special points of attack, and though Alfred founded two or three monasteries and imported foreign monks, there was no general revival of monasticism under him. To the ruin of learning and education wrought by the Danes, and the practical extinction of the knowledge of Latin even among the clergy, the preface to Alfred's translation into Old English of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care bears eloquent witness. It was to remedy these evils that he established a court school, after the example of Charlemagne; for this he imported scholars like Grimbald and John the Saxon from Europe and Asser from South Wales; for this, above all, he put himself to school, and made the series of translations for the instruction of his clergy and people, most of which yet survive. These belong unquestionably to the latter of his reign, likely to the last four years, during which the chronicles are almost silent. Apart from the lost Handboc or Encheiridion, which seems to have been merely a commonplace-book kept by the king, the earliest work to be translated was the Dialogues of Gregory, a book greatly popular in the Middle Ages. In this case the translation was made by Alfred's great friend Werferth, Bishop of Worcester, the king merely furnishing a foreword. The next work to be undertaken was Gregory's Pastoral Care, especially for the good of the parish clergy. In this Alfred keeps very close to his original; but the introduction which he prefixed to it is one of the most interesting documents of the reign, or indeed of English history. The next two works taken in hand were historical, the Universal History of Orosius and Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The priority should likely be given to the Orosius, but the point has been much debated. In the Orosius, by omissions and additions, Alfred so remodels his original as to produce an almost new work; in the Bede the author's text is closely stuck to, no additions being made, though most of the documents and some other less interesting matters are omitted. Of late years doubts have been raised as to Alfred's authorship of the Bede translation. But the sceptics cannot be regarded as having proved their point. We come now to what is in many ways the most interesting of Alfred's works, his translation of The Consolation of Philosophy of Boethius, the most popular philosophical handbook of the middle ages. Here again Alfred deals very freely with his original and though the late Dr. G. Schepss showed that many of the additions to the text are to be traced not to Alfred himself, but to the glosses and commentaries which he used, still there is much in the work which is solely Alfred's and highly characteristic of his genius. It is in the Boethius that the oft-quoted sentence occurs: "My will was to live worthily as long as I lived, and after my life to leave to them that should come after, my memory in good works." The book has come down to us in two manuscripts only. In one of these the poems with which the original is interspersed are rendered into prose, in the other into alliterating verse. The authorship of the latter has been much disputed; but likely they also are by Alfred. Of the authenticity of the work as a whole there has never been any doubt. The last of Alfred's works is one to which he gave the name Blostman, i.e., "Blooms" or Anthology. The first half is based mainly on the Soliloquies of St Augustine of Hippo, the remainder is drawn from various sources, and contains much that is Alfred's own and highly characteristic of him. The last words of it may be quoted; they form a fitting epitaph for the noblest of English kings. "Therefore he seems to me a very foolish man, and truly wretched, who will not increase his understanding while he is in the world, and ever wish and long to reach that endless life where all shall be made clear." Beside these works of Alfred's, the Saxon Chronicle almost certainly, and a Saxon Martyrology, of which fragments only exist, probably owe their inspiration to him. A prose version of the first fifty Psalms has been attributed to him; and the attribution, though not proved, is perfectly possible. Additionally, Alfred appears as a character in The Owl and the Nightingale, where his wisdom and skill with proverbs is attested. Additionally, The Proverbs of Alfred, which exists for us in a 13th century manuscript contains sayings that very likely have their origins partly with the king. In honour of Alfred, the University of Liverpool now has a King Alfred Chair of English Literature. [edit] Death Alfred died on 26 October 899, though the year is uncertain - but not 900 or 901 as was previously accepted. How he died is unknown. !Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 !King of the West Saxons (871-99), and one of the outstanding figures of English History. Born in Wantage in Southern England, Alfred was the youngest of five sons of King Ethelwulf. On the death of his brother Ethelred, Alfred became king, coming to the throne during a Danish invasion. Although he succeeded in making peace with the Danes, they resumed their marauding expeditions five years later, and by early 878 they were successful almost everywhere. About Easter of 878, however, Alfred established himself at Athelney and began assembling an army. In the middle of that year he defeated the Danes and captured their stronghold, probably at present-day Edington. For the next 14 years Alfred was able to devote himself to the internal affairs of his kingdom. By 886 he had captured the city of London, and soon afterward he was recognized as the king of all England. In 893 the Danes invaded England again, and the following four years were marked by warfare; eventually, the Danes were forced to withdraw from Alfred's domain. The only ruler to resist Danish invasions successfully, Alfred made his kingdom the rallying point for all Saxons, thus laying the foundation for the unification of England. Alfred was a patron of learning and did much for the education of his people. He established a court-school and invited British and foreign scholars, notably the Welsh monk Asser (d. 909?) and the Irish-born philosopher and theologian John Scotus Erigena, to come there. Alfred translated such works as the Consolation of Philosophy by the Roman statesman and philosopher Boethius, The History of the World by the Spanish priest Paulus Orosius (fl. 5th Cent), and Passtoral Care by Pope Gregory I. Alfred's laws, the first promulgated in more than a century, were the first that made no distinction between the English and the Welsh peoples. He was wore himself out in the service of his people, the oft-quoted words he added to one of his book translations: "MY WISH WAS TO LIVE WORTHILY AS LONG AS I LIVE, AND AFTER MY LIFE TO LEAVE THEM THAT SHOULD COME AFTER, MY MEMORY OF GOOD WORKS."; a fitting epitaph to this noble King. !Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-35. GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Alfred PREFIX: Also shown as King Of England BIRTH: Also shown as Born Wantage, England. DEATH: Also shown as Died 28 Oct 901 FamilySearch showed this additional information: Name - Description: Alfred "The Great" de Wessex King of England	Cerdicingas, King of West Saxons Ælfr?d (I7971)
1160	Alice was the daughter of Riochard III by an unknown mistress.	De Normandie, Alice(Alix) (I21963)
1161	Alos stated as La Haye, Descartes, Touraine, France	Family F997
1162	Alphonso or Alfonso GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Alphonso PREFIX: Also shown as Earl of Chester BIRTH: Also shown as Born Bayonne, Gascony.	Plantagenet, Prince of England, Earl/Chester Alfonso (I7765)
1163	Alpin II of Dalriada, also known as Alpin mac Eochaid was the father of Kenneth I of Scotland and Donald I of Scotland who united the Kingdom of the Scots and the Picts. Little is known about Alpin other than that his father was Eochaid IV of Dalriada, who has been called in some acounts the King "of Scotland". This title was probably a ceremonial one. He married a Scottish princess, who name is now no longer known, and had two sons by her. Alpin was certainly dead by 840, when his son, Kenneth, took the kingship of Dalriada. A late source states that he died in 834 fighting the Picts in Galloway. He did not succeed to the kingship. !Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 King of Dalriad Scots was slain in battle with the Picts. Burke's Peerage 99th Edition $942 D22bup, Prefix p. 285-6; Dictionary of National Biography #929.042 D561n Vol. 30 p. 437-8; A Vindication of Macbeth #929.2706 M288c Vol. 14; Encyclopedia Britannica 1964 Edition #032En196 Vol. 13 p. 324; Also searched without positive results-Scot Perrage, the Complete Peerage, Royal Daughters of England, and Queens of Scotland and English Princes. See Lines of Adam, Page three. The Royal Line Chart, New York Stake Genealogical Board, Centenial Exhibition - March 1936 SURNAME: Also shown as Scotland GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Alpin King Of SUFFIX: Also shown as [Kg/Argyllshire] BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 755 DEATH: Also shown as Died 20 Jul 834 FamilySearch showed this additional information: Birth - Date: 778 Place: Dunolly Castle Daldriada FamilySearch showed this additional information: Death - Date: 20 Jul 841 Place: New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland	mac Echdach, king of Dal Riata Alpín II (I8025)
1164	Also spelled Oliva de Spencer	De Spencer, Aveline (I22580)
1165	Also born 1 Sep 1711	Prince of Orange Wilhelm IV (I27334)
1166	Also born 1255	de Dreux, Yolande (I25610)
1167	also born 1270	De Lusignan, Hugh (I25611)
1168	Also born 1306 in Norfolk, England - known as "Copped Hat". Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, By Michael L. Call, Chart 208 - # 2 This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: Richard /FITZ-ALAN/ (AFN:8JDQ-LQ) and Elizabeth /BOHUN/ (AFN:8J5J-L6) Richard /FITZ ALLEN/ (AFN:G8X5-QD) and Elizabeth De /BOHUN/ (AFN:G8X5-RK)	Fitz Alan, Earl/Arundel Richard (I25437)
1169	also born abt 1206/1222. Same as Rin no. 4044 of Haycock Family Records.	Llewelyn, Prs/N.Wales Margaret verch (I24182)
1170	Also born abt 1285	De Beauchamp, Margaret (I23939)
1171	Also called Richard de Cornwall. He had a Half-brother named Richard de Cornwall(1235). his individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: Richard P /ENGLAND/ (AFN:8XJ6-0N) and Joan De /VALLETORT/ (AFN:9M3S-4W) Richard /CORNWALL/ (AFN:GHZ3-74) and Sanchia /BERENGER/ (AFN:GHZ3-89)	Plantagenet, Richard (I25410)
1172	Also died in 1015	De Vermandois, Count Herbert III (I24753)
1173	Also Endowed 18 Nov 1954	de Boulogne (I25732)
1174	Also Grand Dutchess of Kiev.	Princess of Sweden Ingegerda (I23832)
1175	Also Know a Murchertach Mor Mac EARCA, Monarch of Ireland. The Descent from Adam of the Royal Family of England. In the 20th year(498) of the reign of the Monarch Lughaidh(the son of Laeghaire),Fergus Mor MarEarca and his five brothers,with a complete army; went to assist his grandfather, King Loarn, who was much oppressed by his enemies the Pits; who were vanquished by Fergus and his party, who prosecuted the enemy so vigorously, that they followed the enemy into their own homes, reducing them to such extremity that they were glad to accept peace on the conqueror's terms. King Loarn died at about the same time and Fergus Mor MacEraca was unanimously elected and chosen king, being of royal blood by his mother. He sent to Ireland, to his brother the Monarch of Ireland, to get a marble seat("Saxum Fatale") for good luck, to be crown threron. He then became frist absolute King of Scotland, as it is today, and the Milesian Race.	MacEARCA, Monarch of Ireland Murtogh Mor (I25250)
1176	Also known as Augus II. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-20. The Descent from Adam of the Royal Family of England.	Aongus Turmeach -Teamrach (I25895)
1177	also known as Beatrice de FAUQUEMONT BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1248	Van Valkenburg, Beatrix (I7872)
1178	Also known as Clothilde or Lady Dodo. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 701. Ancestry and Progeny og Captain James Blount - Inmigrant. by Robert Ffafman p. E- 26.	Dode (I23568)
1179	Also Known as Conn, Hero of the Hundred Battles. Conn was slain by 50 robbers dressed as women. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-20. The Descent from Adam of the Royal Family of England.	Monarch of Ireland Conn Ceadcatha (I26297)
1180	Also known as Margaret Queen of Hungary.	Capet, Queen/Hungary Marguerite (I25360)
1181	Also known as Ochaidh Muigh Meadhoin. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-20. The Descent from Adam of the Royal Family of England. Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-21.	Monarch of Ireland Eochy Moyvone (I26264)
1182	Also known as Primos King of Troy.	King Of Troy Priam (I25853)
1183	Also known as Sigurd " Sinodoye", King of Denmark, and" The Northern Sea King".	King Of Denmark Sigurd (I24602)
1184	Also known as the Lord of Skipton and Egremont.	Fitz Duncan, Earl/Murray William (I26274)
1185	Also Known as William de PLANTAGENET - 7th Earl of Surrey Also Spelled William de WARRENE !of Herefordshire, Eng. or Normandy, France. !also of Warren, Sussex, England.	De Warren, Earl/Surrey William (I22473)
1186	Also listed as Saint-Vincent-de-Paul,Laval,,Québec,CanadaMARRIAGE: Also shown as Married St. Vincent-Paul, LA, USA.	Family F19
1187	Also listed as William, Duke of Normandy.	De Normandie, Guillaume (I24595)
1188	also of Raby,Durham,England.	de Fauconberge, Cts/Neville Joan (I27067)
1189	Also of Vexin, Normandy, France.	de Valois (Vexin), Adele (I24745)
1190	Also Patrick de SALISBURY	D'Evereux, Patrick (I24344)
1191	Also spelled Adelhaide or Adelaide, Queen of France. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, chart 538 - # 14.	Queen/France / Princess Of Scotland Adelheid (I24665)
1192	Also spelled Adelicia. Of Arundell,Sussex,England. This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: Of L I /GODFREY/ (AFN:HPFK-P8) and Of Namur /IDA/ (AFN:HPFK-QF) Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, chart 473, # 3.	de Brabant, Queen/England Adeliza (I25072)
1193	Also spelled Anun, King of Sweden.	King Of Sweden Anund Jakob (I23779)
1194	Also spelled CORNEWALL	Plantagenet, Walter (I25638)
1195	Also spelled Fiachadh Tolgrach Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert F. Pfafman, p E-19. The Descent from Adam, of the Royal Family of England.	King Of Ireland Fiachagh Bolgrach (I25905)
1196	Also spelled Hedwiga. Md. 2) Hugh, Count of Dasborough. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, chart 538 - # 7.	Capet, Princess Of France Hedwiga (I24668)
1197	Also Spelled Otho	Holy Roman Emp. Otto II (I25484)
1198	Also spelled Philip de SANCTO AOSTOIO	Plantagenet, Philip (I25642)
1199	Also spelled Ragnier or Rainer. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, chart 538 - # 6.	Count Of Hainault Reginald IV (I24669)
1200	Also spelled TONY.	de Tonee (Toeni), Ralph (I25183)